{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2555432335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111929","title":"A Theoretical and Empirical Integrated Method to Select the Optimal Combined Signals for Geometry-Free and Geometry-Based Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution","display_name":"A Theoretical and Empirical Integrated Method to Select the Optimal Combined Signals for Geometry-Free and Geometry-Based Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2555432335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111929","mag":"2555432335","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27854324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16111929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1929/pdf?version=1479284074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1929/pdf?version=1479284074","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090158426","display_name":"Dongsheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7297-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China","International Doctoral Innovation Center, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Doctoral Innovation Center, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045150319","display_name":"Gethin Wyn Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3703-981X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gethin Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China","Nottingham Geospatial Institute, The University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG72TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3703-981X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Geospatial Institute, The University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG72TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049647137","display_name":"Lawrence Lau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-9666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-9666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007249101","display_name":"Craig Hancock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Hancock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-0439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046750599","display_name":"Ruibin Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-568X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruibin Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045150319","https://openalex.org/A5090158426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":16.556,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98676546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1929","last_page":"1929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-resolution","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","score":0.8239330053329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6859021782875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6079082489013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5682541131973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5269116759300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5233877301216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5056982040405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.4833042621612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4738103449344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.46003279089927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3505130112171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1814454197883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14918109774589539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.8239330053329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6859021782875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6079082489013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5682541131973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5269116759300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5233877301216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5056982040405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.4833042621612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4738103449344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.46003279089927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3505130112171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1814454197883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14918109774589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16111929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1929/pdf?version=1479284074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27854324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27854324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d3bd5dbf653848578d2cb5e03453993a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d3bd5dbf653848578d2cb5e03453993a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 1929 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:38434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402013","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/11/1929/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16111929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 11; Pages: 1929","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:828374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/828374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5134588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5134588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16111929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1929/pdf?version=1479284074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320324","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320987","display_name":"Curtin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324778","display_name":"Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00gskyj95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324779","display_name":"Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/016jygy11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2555432335.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2555432335.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631114183","https://openalex.org/W1002988812","https://openalex.org/W1508841125","https://openalex.org/W1518427320","https://openalex.org/W1560161939","https://openalex.org/W1592755535","https://openalex.org/W1631447473","https://openalex.org/W1959140381","https://openalex.org/W1981117933","https://openalex.org/W1983949866","https://openalex.org/W2003490767","https://openalex.org/W2007312172","https://openalex.org/W2007506221","https://openalex.org/W2008011807","https://openalex.org/W2018952097","https://openalex.org/W2022871427","https://openalex.org/W2029624241","https://openalex.org/W2031802625","https://openalex.org/W2035562850","https://openalex.org/W2036448898","https://openalex.org/W2038081902","https://openalex.org/W2041467658","https://openalex.org/W2047586898","https://openalex.org/W2051864085","https://openalex.org/W2056927608","https://openalex.org/W2082796884","https://openalex.org/W2094280389","https://openalex.org/W2150680604","https://openalex.org/W2186627438","https://openalex.org/W2210296063","https://openalex.org/W2210770960","https://openalex.org/W2245419282","https://openalex.org/W2270899820","https://openalex.org/W2274091268","https://openalex.org/W2285965585","https://openalex.org/W2297174030","https://openalex.org/W2509134015","https://openalex.org/W2592303083","https://openalex.org/W2597177408","https://openalex.org/W2603605408","https://openalex.org/W2605256996","https://openalex.org/W3149286772","https://openalex.org/W6630924408","https://openalex.org/W6735259248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W4283206657","https://openalex.org/W2391956340","https://openalex.org/W2384192608","https://openalex.org/W2335833997","https://openalex.org/W2779898968","https://openalex.org/W2381811314","https://openalex.org/W1168936648","https://openalex.org/W2358185324","https://openalex.org/W2148345702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Twelve":[0],"GPS":[1,123],"Block":[2],"IIF":[3],"satellites,":[4],"out":[5],"of":[6,20,37,129,143,177],"the":[7,38,44,61,65,82,108,144,148,157,178,182,189,197,200],"current":[8],"constellation,":[9],"can":[10,161,184],"transmit":[11],"on":[12],"three-frequency":[13],"signals":[14,47,66,112,119,191],"(L1,":[15],"L2,":[16],"L5).":[17],"Taking":[18],"advantages":[19],"these":[21,118],"signals,":[22],"Three-Carrier":[23],"Ambiguity":[24],"Resolution":[25],"(TCAR)":[26],"is":[27,41,135],"expected":[28],"to":[29,42,140],"bring":[30],"much":[31],"benefit":[32],"for":[33,48],"ambiguity":[34,51],"resolution.":[35],"One":[36],"research":[39],"areas":[40],"find":[43],"optimal":[45,110],"combined":[46,111,190],"a":[49,99],"better":[50,186],"resolution":[52],"in":[53,113,138,150,166,171,193],"geometry-free":[54],"(GF)":[55],"and":[56,101,115,169],"geometry-based":[57],"(GB)":[58],"mode.":[59],"However,":[60],"existing":[62],"researches":[63],"select":[64],"through":[67],"either":[68],"pure":[69],"theoretical":[70,90,100],"analysis":[71],"or":[72,92],"testing":[73],"with":[74,120,147],"simulated":[75],"data,":[76,124],"which":[77,105],"might":[78],"be":[79,87,162],"biased":[80],"as":[81],"real":[83,121],"observation":[84],"condition":[85],"could":[86],"different":[88,130],"from":[89],"prediction":[91],"simulation.":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95,194],"paper,":[96],"we":[97],"propose":[98],"empirical":[102],"integrated":[103],"method,":[104],"first":[106],"selects":[107],"possible":[109],"theory":[114],"then":[116],"refines":[117],"triple-frequency":[122],"observed":[125],"at":[126,174],"eleven":[127],"baselines":[128],"lengths.":[131],"An":[132],"interpolation":[133],"technique":[134],"also":[136],"adopted":[137],"order":[139],"show":[141,155],"changes":[142],"AR":[145,158],"performance":[146],"increase":[149],"baseline":[151,179,198],"length.":[152,180],"The":[153],"results":[154],"that":[156],"success":[159],"rate":[160],"improved":[163],"by":[164,187],"3%":[165],"GF":[167],"mode":[168,173],"8%":[170],"GB":[172],"certain":[175],"intervals":[176],"Therefore,":[181],"TCAR":[183],"perform":[185],"adopting":[188],"proposed":[192],"paper":[195],"when":[196],"meets":[199],"length":[201],"condition.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}