{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535223270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101742","title":"Chemically Roughened Solid Silver: A Simple, Robust and Broadband SERS Substrate","display_name":"Chemically Roughened Solid Silver: A Simple, Robust and Broadband SERS Substrate","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535223270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101742","mag":"2535223270","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27775581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1742/pdf?version=1476875370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1742/pdf?version=1476875370","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085146138","display_name":"Shavini Wijesuriya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shavini Wijesuriya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009248939","display_name":"Krishna Burugapalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-0902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krishna Burugapalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018005787","display_name":"Ruth MacKay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-6914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Mackay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017242354","display_name":"Godwin C. Ajaezi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-4554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Godwin Ajaezi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105839002","display_name":"Wamadeva Balachandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-2257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wamadeva Balachandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009248939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":1707,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1840},"fwci":1.0055,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76369835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"1742","last_page":"1742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10131","display_name":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10131","display_name":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11907","display_name":"Copper-based nanomaterials and applications","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7841401100158691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-hydroxide","display_name":"Ammonium hydroxide","score":0.6342059969902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.6120305061340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.5340539216995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.5195651054382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-electron-microscope","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","score":0.5107393264770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.475710928440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.47395801544189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropic-etching","display_name":"Isotropic etching","score":0.4652586579322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etching","display_name":"Etching (microfabrication)","score":0.45466816425323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.3379337191581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.26222220063209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.23882004618644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.13935300707817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.11182597279548645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7841401100158691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777879272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421888","display_name":"Ammonium hydroxide","level":2,"score":0.6342059969902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.6120305061340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5340539216995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.5195651054382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5107393264770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.475710928440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.47395801544189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33220542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6086567","display_name":"Isotropic etching","level":4,"score":0.4652586579322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100460472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368605","display_name":"Etching (microfabrication)","level":3,"score":0.45466816425323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3379337191581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26222220063209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23882004618644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13935300707817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11182597279548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1742/pdf?version=1476875370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27775581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27775581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/13388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3cbb909e1ff4430d8ec420724f91f6f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3cbb909e1ff4430d8ec420724f91f6f2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 1742 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/10/1742/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16101742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 10; Pages: 1742","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5087527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5087527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1742/pdf?version=1476875370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5459651106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SBRI_HO_202_007 (HOS/14/003)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320312","funder_display_name":"Home Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320240","display_name":"Research Councils UK","ror":"https://ror.org/00dq2kk65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320312","display_name":"Home Office","ror":"https://ror.org/00y81cg83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331722","display_name":"Samsung Biomedical Research Institute","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2535223270.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2535223270.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564346266","https://openalex.org/W1543072699","https://openalex.org/W1546843241","https://openalex.org/W1746838754","https://openalex.org/W1985705323","https://openalex.org/W1989890056","https://openalex.org/W1995872084","https://openalex.org/W1999173254","https://openalex.org/W2003512660","https://openalex.org/W2014248264","https://openalex.org/W2027235097","https://openalex.org/W2029482404","https://openalex.org/W2029559711","https://openalex.org/W2031713591","https://openalex.org/W2032290172","https://openalex.org/W2040874018","https://openalex.org/W2044572968","https://openalex.org/W2045549800","https://openalex.org/W2045987575","https://openalex.org/W2053746732","https://openalex.org/W2058206431","https://openalex.org/W2061070503","https://openalex.org/W2065429003","https://openalex.org/W2070851086","https://openalex.org/W2072415517","https://openalex.org/W2074039888","https://openalex.org/W2080840327","https://openalex.org/W2088189550","https://openalex.org/W2089609720","https://openalex.org/W2091273808","https://openalex.org/W2091633168","https://openalex.org/W2100065631","https://openalex.org/W2115797520","https://openalex.org/W2120332222","https://openalex.org/W2135327038","https://openalex.org/W2148704545","https://openalex.org/W2517154441","https://openalex.org/W3131735448","https://openalex.org/W4241062113","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6726452388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379002806","https://openalex.org/W2272915910","https://openalex.org/W2128494206","https://openalex.org/W2148274155","https://openalex.org/W2074502480","https://openalex.org/W2788903434","https://openalex.org/W2606133557","https://openalex.org/W2501060169","https://openalex.org/W2091008601","https://openalex.org/W2386922414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface-enhanced":[0],"Raman":[1,178],"spectroscopy":[2],"(SERS)":[3],"substrates":[4,53],"manufactured":[5],"using":[6,129,172],"complex":[7],"nano-patterning":[8],"techniques":[9],"have":[10],"become":[11],"the":[12,99,107],"norm.":[13],"However,":[14],"their":[15],"cost":[16],"of":[17,41,165],"manufacture":[18],"makes":[19],"them":[20],"unaffordable":[21],"to":[22,47,80],"incorporate":[23],"into":[24],"most":[25],"biosensors.":[26],"The":[27,132],"technique":[28],"shown":[29],"in":[30,98,149,155,197],"this":[31],"paper":[32],"is":[33],"low-cost,":[34],"reliable":[35],"and":[36,62,76,82,96,105,168,175,183,194],"highly":[37],"sensitive.":[38],"Chemical":[39],"etching":[40],"solid":[42,190],"Ag":[43,69,87,123,143,191],"metal":[44,144],"was":[45,127,140,200],"used":[46,79],"produce":[48],"simple,":[49],"yet":[50],"robust":[51],"SERS":[52,70,125,134,192],"with":[54,58,116,162],"broadband":[55],"characteristics.":[56],"Etching":[57],"ammonium":[59],"hydroxide":[60],"(NH\u2084OH)":[61],"nitric":[63],"acid":[64],"(HNO\u2083)":[65],"helped":[66],"obtain":[67],"roughened":[68],"substrates.":[71],"Scanning":[72],"electron":[73],"microscopy":[74],"(SEM)":[75],"interferometry":[77],"were":[78],"visualize":[81],"quantify":[83],"surface":[84,119],"roughness.":[85],"Flattened":[86],"wires":[88],"had":[89],"inherent,":[90],"but":[91],"non-uniform":[92],"roughness":[93,120],"having":[94],"peaks":[95],"valleys":[97],"microscale.":[100],"NH\u2084OH":[101,150],"treatment":[102,111],"removed":[103],"dirt":[104],"smoothened":[106],"surface,":[108],"while":[109],"HNO\u2083":[110],"produced":[112],"a":[113,181],"flake-like":[114],"morphology":[115],"visibly":[117],"more":[118],"features":[121],"on":[122],"metal.":[124],"efficacy":[126,196],"tested":[128],"4-methylbenzenethiol":[130],"(MBT).":[131],"best":[133],"enhancement":[135],"for":[136,142,146,188],"1":[137,166],"mM":[138],"MBT":[139,158],"observed":[141],"etched":[145],"30":[147],"s":[148,154],"followed":[151],"by":[152],"10":[153],"HNO\u2083.":[156],"Further,":[157],"could":[159],"be":[160],"quantified":[161],"detection":[163],"limits":[164],"pM":[167],"100":[169],"\u00b5M,":[170],"respectively,":[171],"514":[173],"nm":[174,177],"1064":[176],"spectrometers.":[179],"Thus,":[180],"rapid":[182],"less":[184],"energy":[185],"intensive":[186],"method":[187],"producing":[189],"substrate":[193],"its":[195],"analyte":[198],"sensing":[199],"demonstrated.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
