{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2530324083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101675","title":"A Novel Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework Based on Reinforcement Learning for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks","display_name":"A Novel Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework Based on Reinforcement Learning for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2530324083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101675","mag":"2530324083","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27754316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101675","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1675/pdf?version=1476254285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1675/pdf?version=1476254285","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038594863","display_name":"Yun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-9301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406988","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-3697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717656","display_name":"Jiaxing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-7595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Huawei Digital Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing 100032, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Huawei Digital Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing 100032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101533510","display_name":"Zheng Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-0689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038594863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":24.6731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99525847,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"1675","last_page":"1675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8624145984649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7408884763717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7310184240341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-channel","display_name":"Control channel","score":0.6602054834365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6170805096626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6153838038444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5584603548049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4823262393474579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.4647585153579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4614061415195465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.4548836052417755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41200608015060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3321087956428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23041105270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2300713062286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1721005141735077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14929622411727905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8624145984649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7408884763717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7310184240341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157607044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165851","display_name":"Control channel","level":3,"score":0.6602054834365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6170805096626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6153838038444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5584603548049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4823262393474579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.4647585153579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4614061415195465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.4548836052417755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41200608015060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3321087956428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23041105270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2300713062286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1721005141735077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14929622411727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101675","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1675/pdf?version=1476254285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27754316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27754316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5087463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5087463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62d2f2bb90624094a4dc332f267d1af0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62d2f2bb90624094a4dc332f267d1af0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 1675 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101675","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1675/pdf?version=1476254285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1700075490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F201408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1831189706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F201408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3834223736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HEUCF100814 and HEUCF100816","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5348932046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8464344492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. HEUCF100814 and HEUCF100816","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2530324083.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2530324083.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2058210522","https://openalex.org/W2095871321","https://openalex.org/W2101755519","https://openalex.org/W2107212345","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2118347530","https://openalex.org/W2119285291","https://openalex.org/W2121528570","https://openalex.org/W2125182953","https://openalex.org/W2136337471","https://openalex.org/W2137775453","https://openalex.org/W2138634033","https://openalex.org/W2146461054","https://openalex.org/W2152707865","https://openalex.org/W2152973127","https://openalex.org/W2153620960","https://openalex.org/W2161209335","https://openalex.org/W2163569945","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2394299331","https://openalex.org/W3149412023","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786459840","https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2336181987","https://openalex.org/W2054719951","https://openalex.org/W3089664461","https://openalex.org/W4389477274","https://openalex.org/W1976405282","https://openalex.org/W2078869233","https://openalex.org/W1157983132","https://openalex.org/W1994608529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"radio":[1],"sensor":[2,44,77,101],"networks":[3],"are":[4,52],"one":[5],"of":[6,9,48,75,152,181,192],"the":[7,29,72,76,119,148,154,158,182,185,190,193],"kinds":[8],"application":[10],"where":[11],"cognitive":[12,43],"techniques":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15],"adopted":[16],"and":[17,23,38,57,66,97,157,167,189],"have":[18,59,164],"many":[19],"potential":[20],"applications,":[21],"challenges":[22],"future":[24,42],"research":[25,30],"trends.":[26],"According":[27],"to":[28,92,107],"surveys,":[31],"dynamic":[32,49],"spectrum":[33,50,55,105,136],"access":[34,51,137],"is":[35,90,131,145],"an":[36],"important":[37],"necessary":[39],"technology":[40],"for":[41,117,123,147],"networks.":[45,78],"Traditional":[46],"methods":[47],"based":[53,139],"on":[54,140],"holes":[56,106],"they":[58],"some":[60],"drawbacks,":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63],"low":[64],"accessibility":[65],"high":[67],"interruptibility,":[68],"which":[69],"negatively":[70],"affect":[71],"transmission":[73,114,155,194],"performance":[74],"To":[79],"address":[80],"this":[81,84,172],"problem,":[82],"in":[83,127,179],"paper":[85],"a":[86,94,100,113,128,134,141,176],"new":[87,173],"initialization":[88],"mechanism":[89],"proposed":[91,146],"establish":[93],"communication":[95],"link":[96],"set":[98],"up":[99],"network":[102],"without":[103],"adopting":[104],"convey":[108],"control":[109,159,186],"information.":[110],"Specifically,":[111],"firstly":[112],"channel":[115,156,187],"model":[116,144],"analyzing":[118],"maximum":[120],"accessible":[121],"capacity":[122],"three":[124],"different":[125],"polices":[126],"fading":[129],"environment":[130],"discussed.":[132],"Secondly,":[133],"hybrid":[135],"algorithm":[138,174],"reinforcement":[142],"learning":[143],"power":[149],"allocation":[150],"problem":[151],"both":[153],"channel.":[160,195],"Finally,":[161],"extensive":[162],"simulations":[163],"been":[165],"conducted":[166],"simulation":[168],"results":[169],"show":[170],"that":[171],"provides":[175],"significant":[177],"improvement":[178],"terms":[180],"tradeoff":[183],"between":[184],"reliability":[188],"efficiency":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
