{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2538796356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101661","title":"A Multifunctional Sensor in Ternary Solution Using Canonical Correlations for Variable Links Assessment","display_name":"A Multifunctional Sensor in Ternary Solution Using Canonical Correlations for Variable Links Assessment","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2538796356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101661","mag":"2538796356","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27775640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1661/pdf?version=1477033113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1661/pdf?version=1477033113","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101650420","display_name":"Dan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8751-3455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038536818","display_name":"Qisong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-0275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qisong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352205","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-8962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin 150090, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin 150090, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003828818","display_name":"Ruixin Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-9174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixin Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456146","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-7480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-7480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100850295","display_name":"Jinwei Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038536818","https://openalex.org/A5101650420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.2234,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63670023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"1661","last_page":"1661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7525627613067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.7156848907470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5553711652755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canonical-correlation","display_name":"Canonical correlation","score":0.5111754536628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5098485350608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4325188398361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.3913271129131317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32768702507019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3267032206058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29241079092025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2193623185157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1362496316432953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7525627613067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.7156848907470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5553711652755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153874254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115542","display_name":"Canonical correlation","level":2,"score":0.5111754536628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5098485350608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4325188398361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3913271129131317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32768702507019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3267032206058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29241079092025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2193623185157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1362496316432953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1661/pdf?version=1477033113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27775640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27775640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c3220e9b59d4f08ad4392e396c4c4af","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c3220e9b59d4f08ad4392e396c4c4af","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 1661 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/10/1661/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16101661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 10; Pages: 1661","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5087449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5087449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1661/pdf?version=1477033113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2978420035","display_name":"\u8d85\u58f0\u5149\u6563\u5c04\u6210\u50cf\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u4e73\u817a\u80bf\u7624\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61301012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7794839961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2538796356.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2538796356.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964057034","https://openalex.org/W1981390624","https://openalex.org/W1986366914","https://openalex.org/W1990101252","https://openalex.org/W2001600470","https://openalex.org/W2003110612","https://openalex.org/W2023630074","https://openalex.org/W2035995591","https://openalex.org/W2048721950","https://openalex.org/W2050919216","https://openalex.org/W2061716686","https://openalex.org/W2064488177","https://openalex.org/W2065583247","https://openalex.org/W2091855158","https://openalex.org/W2100235303","https://openalex.org/W2116674942","https://openalex.org/W2131859005","https://openalex.org/W2138574603","https://openalex.org/W2150252466","https://openalex.org/W2158339409","https://openalex.org/W2160016156","https://openalex.org/W2163783144","https://openalex.org/W2164179069","https://openalex.org/W2329594177","https://openalex.org/W2495983505"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W2725786787","https://openalex.org/W1590965489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurately":[0],"measuring":[1],"the":[2,21,32,64,84,108,111,115,145,148,152,155,162,166,170,177,183],"oil":[3,10,17,25,120,190],"content":[4,7,167],"and":[5,19,41,59,69,99,124,135,151,180,195],"salt":[6,122],"of":[8,23,66,89,113,137,139,147,154,169,176,185,192],"crude":[9,189],"is":[11,92,104,191],"very":[12],"important":[13,193],"for":[14,82,118,188],"both":[15],"estimating":[16],"reserves":[18],"predicting":[20],"lifetime":[22],"an":[24],"well.":[26],"There":[27],"are":[28,79,126],"some":[29],"problems":[30],"with":[31,159],"current":[33],"methods":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"high":[37],"cost,":[38],"low":[39],"precision,":[40],"difficulties":[42],"in":[43,182],"operation.":[44],"To":[45],"solve":[46],"these":[47,76],"problems,":[48],"we":[49],"present":[50],"a":[51],"multifunctional":[52],"sensor,":[53],"which":[54,142],"applies,":[55],"respectively,":[56],"conductivity":[57],"method":[58,61,181],"ultrasound":[60,140],"to":[62,95,106,129],"measure":[63],"contents":[65],"oil,":[67],"water,":[68],"salt.":[70],"Based":[71],"on":[72],"cross":[73],"sensitivity":[74],"theory,":[75],"two":[77],"transducers":[78],"ideally":[80],"integrated":[81,156],"simplifying":[83],"structure.":[85],"A":[86],"concentration":[87],"test":[88,187],"ternary":[90],"solutions":[91],"carried":[93],"out":[94],"testify":[96],"its":[97,130],"effectiveness,":[98],"then":[100],"Canonical":[101],"Correlation":[102],"Analysis":[103],"applied":[105],"evaluate":[107],"data.":[109],"From":[110],"perspective":[112],"statistics,":[114],"sensor":[116,163,179],"inputs,":[117],"instance,":[119],"concentration,":[121,123],"temperature,":[125],"closely":[127],"related":[128],"outputs":[131],"including":[132],"output":[133],"voltage":[134],"time":[136],"flight":[138],"wave,":[141],"further":[143],"identify":[144],"correctness":[146],"sensing":[149],"theory":[150],"feasibility":[153],"design.":[157],"Combined":[158],"reconstruction":[160],"algorithms,":[161],"can":[164],"realize":[165],"measurement":[168],"solution":[171],"precisely.":[172],"The":[173],"potential":[174],"development":[175],"proposed":[178],"aspect":[184],"online":[186],"reference":[194],"practical":[196],"value.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}