{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2525640029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101619","title":"Ensemble of One-Class Classifiers for Personal Risk Detection Based on Wearable Sensor Data","display_name":"Ensemble of One-Class Classifiers for Personal Risk Detection Based on Wearable Sensor Data","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2525640029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101619","mag":"2525640029","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27690054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101619","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1619/pdf?version=1475145481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1619/pdf?version=1475145481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080552706","display_name":"Jorge Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Ruiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-7256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Rodr\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075714432","display_name":"Ari Yair Barrera-Animas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-125X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ari Barrera-Animas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011568579","display_name":"Luis A. Trejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Trejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-4581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084352657","display_name":"Miguel Angel Medina\u2010P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-2252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Medina-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-2252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045469910","display_name":"Ra\u00fal Monroy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-995X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ra\u00fal Monroy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-995X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Carretera al Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Atizap\u00e1n, Edo. de M\u00e9xico C.P. 52926, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011568579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":4.332,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9476639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"1619","last_page":"1619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6863246560096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6640109419822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6387012600898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.6033244132995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5813815593719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5786186456680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5702301263809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5051687359809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48543864488601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4641479253768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4258323311805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34873998165130615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6863246560096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6640109419822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6387012600898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.6033244132995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5813815593719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5786186456680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5702301263809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5051687359809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48543864488601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4641479253768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4258323311805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34873998165130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101619","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1619/pdf?version=1475145481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27690054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27690054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5087407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5087407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92afd6a374384b1bbd1bdfadaa3b378e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92afd6a374384b1bbd1bdfadaa3b378e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 1619 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/10/1619/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16101619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 10; Pages: 1619","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101619","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1619/pdf?version=1475145481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G313968079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"376099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323037","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2525640029.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2525640029.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152772766","https://openalex.org/W1520723331","https://openalex.org/W1527858862","https://openalex.org/W1971153605","https://openalex.org/W2006533296","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2028825074","https://openalex.org/W2033803508","https://openalex.org/W2054780155","https://openalex.org/W2068244095","https://openalex.org/W2073459066","https://openalex.org/W2083911205","https://openalex.org/W2112125675","https://openalex.org/W2150757437","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2158139223","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2161151719","https://openalex.org/W2492347508","https://openalex.org/W2493175080","https://openalex.org/W2536440177","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4214564274","https://openalex.org/W4248018214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889302474","https://openalex.org/W1964832275","https://openalex.org/W2389865566","https://openalex.org/W3080944905","https://openalex.org/W2407804800","https://openalex.org/W2073883415","https://openalex.org/W2388864896","https://openalex.org/W2652414671","https://openalex.org/W2888937984","https://openalex.org/W4281917970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,33,56,69,73,77,81,95,126,138,146,149,165],"One-Class":[4],"K-means":[5],"with":[6,68],"Randomly-projected":[7],"features":[8],"Algorithm":[9],"(OCKRA).":[10],"OCKRA":[11,64,115,136,154],"is":[12,53],"an":[13,156],"ensemble":[14],"of":[15,22,40,44,71,105,114,125,145,164],"one-class":[16,45],"classifiers":[17,46,140],"built":[18,88],"over":[19,36],"multiple":[20],"projections":[21],"a":[23,37,103,109],"dataset":[24],"according":[25],"to":[26,55],"random":[27],"feature":[28],"subsets.":[29],"Algorithms":[30],"found":[31],"in":[32,76,108],"literature":[34],"spread":[35],"wide":[38],"range":[39],"applications":[41],"where":[42,94],"ensembles":[43],"have":[47],"been":[48,66],"satisfactorily":[49],"applied;":[50],"however,":[51],"none":[52],"oriented":[54],"area":[57,147],"under":[58,148],"our":[59],"study:":[60],"personal":[61],"risk":[62],"detection.":[63],"has":[65],"designed":[67],"aim":[70],"improving":[72],"detection":[74],"performance":[75,113],"problem":[78],"posed":[79],"by":[80],"Personal":[82],"RIsk":[83],"DEtection(PRIDE)":[84],"dataset.":[85],"PRIDE":[86],"was":[87,116],"based":[89],"on":[90],"23":[91],"test":[92],"subjects,":[93],"data":[96],"for":[97,141,160],"each":[98],"user":[99],"were":[100],"captured":[101],"using":[102],"set":[104],"sensors":[106],"embedded":[107],"wearable":[110],"band.":[111],"The":[112],"compared":[117],"against":[118],"support":[119],"vector":[120],"machine":[121],"and":[122],"three":[123],"versions":[124],"Parzen":[127],"window":[128],"classifier.":[129],"On":[130],"average,":[131],"experimental":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"that":[135],"outperformed":[137],"other":[139],"at":[142],"least":[143],"0.53%":[144],"curve":[150],"(AUC).":[151],"In":[152],"addition,":[153],"achieved":[155],"AUC":[157],"above":[158],"90%":[159],"more":[161],"than":[162],"57%":[163],"users.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}