{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2528897928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101481","title":"Graphene Nanogrids FET Immunosensor: Signal to Noise Ratio Enhancement","display_name":"Graphene Nanogrids FET Immunosensor: Signal to Noise Ratio Enhancement","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2528897928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101481","mag":"2528897928","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27740605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1481/pdf?version=1475927137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1481/pdf?version=1475927137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001044140","display_name":"Jayeeta Basu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-0936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98365261","display_name":"Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur","ror":"https://ror.org/02ytfzr55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98365261"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayeeta Basu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah 711103, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah 711103, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98365261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027842185","display_name":"C. RoyChaudhuri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-4150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98365261","display_name":"Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur","ror":"https://ror.org/02ytfzr55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98365261"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chirasree RoyChaudhuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah 711103, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah 711103, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98365261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027842185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98365261"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2726,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79292064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"1481","last_page":"1481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11272","display_name":"Nanowire Synthesis and Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene","display_name":"Graphene","score":0.8455325365066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6450325846672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.581155002117157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-effect-transistor","display_name":"Field-effect transistor","score":0.5400629043579102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4950632154941559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-modification","display_name":"Surface modification","score":0.48303350806236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4807277023792267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4458485543727875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.4385409653186798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.42603451013565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2371438443660736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.22250095009803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.16974860429763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1363883912563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09877654910087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.08633384108543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06601199507713318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.8455325365066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6450325846672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.581155002117157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145598152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176097","display_name":"Field-effect transistor","level":4,"score":0.5400629043579102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4950632154941559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645993","display_name":"Surface modification","level":2,"score":0.48303350806236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4807277023792267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4458485543727875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.4385409653186798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.42603451013565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2371438443660736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.22250095009803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16974860429763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1363883912563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09877654910087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08633384108543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06601199507713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1481/pdf?version=1475927137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27740605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27740605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ac061073383245d084ba26480ebbe3a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ac061073383245d084ba26480ebbe3a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 1481 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/10/1481/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16101481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 10; Pages: 1481","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5087337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5087337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16101481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1481/pdf?version=1475927137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2528897928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2528897928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497921739","https://openalex.org/W1827987503","https://openalex.org/W1876495152","https://openalex.org/W1951814919","https://openalex.org/W1965330682","https://openalex.org/W1974003011","https://openalex.org/W1979563063","https://openalex.org/W1986090387","https://openalex.org/W1987632811","https://openalex.org/W1997560879","https://openalex.org/W2010164867","https://openalex.org/W2010479193","https://openalex.org/W2015511416","https://openalex.org/W2024616547","https://openalex.org/W2030416039","https://openalex.org/W2030677057","https://openalex.org/W2038165484","https://openalex.org/W2040943597","https://openalex.org/W2056322129","https://openalex.org/W2058122340","https://openalex.org/W2077926321","https://openalex.org/W2087638855","https://openalex.org/W2092188263","https://openalex.org/W2093921349","https://openalex.org/W2119882629","https://openalex.org/W2120867299","https://openalex.org/W2123764859","https://openalex.org/W2138218025","https://openalex.org/W2159210870","https://openalex.org/W2186336535","https://openalex.org/W2303927012","https://openalex.org/W3100811636","https://openalex.org/W3104358417","https://openalex.org/W3105155046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606452130","https://openalex.org/W3149465128","https://openalex.org/W3196929922","https://openalex.org/W2377562106","https://openalex.org/W3103904106","https://openalex.org/W2081887179","https://openalex.org/W2072424359","https://openalex.org/W2061674058","https://openalex.org/W2750055590","https://openalex.org/W1990516236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"a":[1,173,188,197,203],"reproducible":[2],"and":[3,103,127,152,202,222],"scalable":[4],"chemical":[5],"method":[6],"for":[7,44,134],"fabrication":[8],"of":[9,20,32,35,46,49,95,105,117,130,190,199,216,227],"smooth":[10],"graphene":[11,21,97,118],"nanogrids":[12,25,119],"has":[13,120,144,179,186,212],"been":[14,27,121,145],"reported":[15],"which":[16,78,185],"addresses":[17],"the":[18,65,75,92,96,100,109,114,131,150,160,181,209],"challenges":[19],"nanoribbons":[22],"(GNR).":[23],"These":[24],"have":[26],"found":[28],"to":[29,62,73,125,139,172],"be":[30],"capable":[31],"attomolar":[33],"detection":[34,45,189],"biomolecules":[36],"in":[37,52,99,137,214],"field":[38],"effect":[39],"transistor":[40],"(FET)":[41],"mode.":[42],"However,":[43],"sub-femtomolar":[47],"concentrations":[48],"target":[50],"molecule":[51],"complex":[53],"mixtures":[54],"with":[55,123,159,196],"reasonable":[56],"accuracy,":[57],"it":[58],"is":[59,70,89,169],"not":[60,165],"sufficient":[61],"only":[63],"explore":[64],"steady":[66],"state":[67],"sensitivities,":[68],"but":[69,168],"also":[71],"necessary":[72],"investigate":[74],"flicker":[76],"noise":[77,88,140,153],"dominates":[79],"at":[80,108,156],"frequencies":[81],"below":[82],"100":[83],"kHz.":[84],"This":[85],"low":[86],"frequency":[87],"dependent":[90],"on":[91],"exposure":[93],"time":[94,129],"layer":[98],"buffer":[101],"solution":[102],"concentration":[104,126],"charged":[106],"impurities":[107],"surface.":[110],"In":[111],"this":[112],"paper,":[113],"functionalization":[115,161],"strategy":[116],"optimized":[122,177],"respect":[124],"incubation":[128],"cross":[132],"linker":[133],"an":[135],"enhancement":[136,211],"signal":[138],"ratio":[141],"(SNR).":[142],"It":[143],"interestingly":[146],"observed":[147],"that":[148],"as":[149],"sensitivity":[151,198],"power":[154],"change":[155],"different":[157],"rates":[158],"parameters,":[162],"SNR":[163,182,210],"does":[164],"vary":[166],"monotonically":[167],"maximum":[170],"corresponding":[171],"particular":[174],"parameter.":[175],"The":[176],"parameter":[178],"improved":[180],"by":[183,219,224],"50%":[184],"enabled":[187],"0.05":[191],"fM":[192],"Hep-B":[193],"virus":[194],"molecules":[195],"around":[200],"30%":[201],"standard":[204],"deviation":[205],"within":[206],"3%.":[207],"Further,":[208],"resulted":[213],"improvement":[215],"quantification":[217],"accuracy":[218],"five":[220],"times":[221],"selectivity":[223],"two":[225],"orders":[226],"magnitude.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
