{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2518290720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091451","title":"Experimental Study on Rebar Corrosion Using the Galvanic Sensor Combined with the Electronic Resistance Technique","display_name":"Experimental Study on Rebar Corrosion Using the Galvanic Sensor Combined with the Electronic Resistance Technique","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2518290720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091451","mag":"2518290720","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27618054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16091451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091451","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/9/1451/pdf?version=1473333076","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/9/1451/pdf?version=1473333076","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055826220","display_name":"Yunze Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-1583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunze Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840880","display_name":"Kaiqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5176-8402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944","https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733028","display_name":"Liang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-1264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015830526","display_name":"Lujia Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lujia Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101909259","display_name":"Xiaona Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-3074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaona Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944","https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741712","display_name":"Yi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-3100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055826220","https://openalex.org/A5100741712","https://openalex.org/A5101909259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4954,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88549517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"1451","last_page":"1451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion","display_name":"Corrosion","score":0.913114070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galvanic-cell","display_name":"Galvanic cell","score":0.8513350486755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rebar","display_name":"Rebar","score":0.7821446657180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7277098298072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galvanic-corrosion","display_name":"Galvanic corrosion","score":0.7074731588363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.659380316734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.48093172907829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.47812357544898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammeter","display_name":"Ammeter","score":0.42318958044052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-steel","display_name":"Carbon steel","score":0.42128580808639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.33363422751426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.153395414352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1323224902153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0718291699886322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.913114070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29633239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209440","display_name":"Galvanic cell","level":2,"score":0.8513350486755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778664469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150425","display_name":"Rebar","level":2,"score":0.7821446657180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7277098298072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781371449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367906","display_name":"Galvanic corrosion","level":3,"score":0.7074731588363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.659380316734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.48093172907829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.47812357544898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17477027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166046","display_name":"Ammeter","level":3,"score":0.42318958044052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967996","display_name":"Carbon steel","level":3,"score":0.42128580808639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.33363422751426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.153395414352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1323224902153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0718291699886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16091451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091451","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/9/1451/pdf?version=1473333076","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27618054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27618054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf957d72a73f41d698e792731d2c35f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf957d72a73f41d698e792731d2c35f2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 1451 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5038729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5038729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16091451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091451","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/9/1451/pdf?version=1473333076","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6344949869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DUT15TD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2518290720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2518290720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178444512","https://openalex.org/W1155727528","https://openalex.org/W1963726832","https://openalex.org/W1968639820","https://openalex.org/W1973050477","https://openalex.org/W1978305600","https://openalex.org/W1981903960","https://openalex.org/W1989163986","https://openalex.org/W1989610140","https://openalex.org/W1997934240","https://openalex.org/W1998491612","https://openalex.org/W1999283990","https://openalex.org/W2015958601","https://openalex.org/W2016250928","https://openalex.org/W2021596951","https://openalex.org/W2026474180","https://openalex.org/W2033667586","https://openalex.org/W2035094412","https://openalex.org/W2054487945","https://openalex.org/W2055994522","https://openalex.org/W2069997255","https://openalex.org/W2070416958","https://openalex.org/W2077137994","https://openalex.org/W2086985971","https://openalex.org/W2087010929","https://openalex.org/W2093194035","https://openalex.org/W2114705568","https://openalex.org/W2115138808","https://openalex.org/W2133843465","https://openalex.org/W2155180035","https://openalex.org/W2175834023","https://openalex.org/W2190540051","https://openalex.org/W2239617398","https://openalex.org/W2280214304","https://openalex.org/W2298968634","https://openalex.org/W2394520975","https://openalex.org/W2406584906","https://openalex.org/W3031129885","https://openalex.org/W4382055824","https://openalex.org/W6690369030","https://openalex.org/W6697434162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3116408188","https://openalex.org/W1569354450","https://openalex.org/W4385981112","https://openalex.org/W2350302525","https://openalex.org/W2367063352","https://openalex.org/W1994016621","https://openalex.org/W3125425227","https://openalex.org/W2333980581","https://openalex.org/W2902892422","https://openalex.org/W2021913215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4],"kind":[5],"of":[6,22,34,58,85,101],"carbon":[7],"steel":[8,12],"(CS)":[9],"and":[10,37,46,63,82,142,172,179],"stainless":[11],"(SS)":[13],"galvanic":[14,61,94,140,174],"sensor":[15],"system":[16],"was":[17],"developed":[18],"for":[19,55],"the":[20,31,35,41,56,60,64,83,93,102,109,114,120,125,129,135,143,148,162,168,173,177,189],"study":[21],"rebar":[23],"corrosion":[24,65,68,103,107,110,122,137,144,163,191],"in":[25,70,154,192],"different":[26,71],"pore":[27],"solution":[28,72],"conditions.":[29],"Through":[30],"special":[32],"design":[33],"CS":[36,169,178],"SS":[38,180],"electronic":[39,42,170,181],"coupons,":[40],"resistance":[43,48,80],"(ER)":[44],"method":[45,116,131,150],"zero":[47],"ammeter":[49],"(ZRA)":[50],"technique":[51],"were":[52,74],"used":[53,186],"simultaneously":[54],"measurement":[57],"both":[59],"current":[62,95,141,145,164,175],"depth.":[66],"The":[67,88,139,159],"processes":[69],"conditions":[73],"also":[75,184],"studied":[76],"by":[77,113,128,147,167],"linear":[78,152],"polarization":[79,86],"(LPR)":[81],"measurements":[84],"curves.":[87],"test":[89],"result":[90],"shows":[91,151],"that":[92],"noise":[96],"can":[97,183],"provide":[98],"detailed":[99],"information":[100],"processes.":[104],"When":[105],"localized":[106,190],"occurs,":[108],"rate":[111],"measured":[112,127,146,166],"ER":[115],"is":[117,132],"lower":[118],"than":[119,134],"real":[121,136],"rate.":[123,138],"However,":[124],"value":[126],"LPR":[130,149],"higher":[133],"correlation":[153],"chloride-containing":[155],"saturated":[156],"Ca(OH)\u2082":[157],"solution.":[158],"relationship":[160],"between":[161,176],"differences":[165],"coupons":[171,182],"be":[185],"to":[187],"evaluate":[188],"reinforced":[193],"concrete.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
