{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2514362252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091391","title":"On Reliable and Efficient Data Gathering Based Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"On Reliable and Efficient Data Gathering Based Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2514362252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091391","mag":"2514362252","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27589750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16091391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091391","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/9/1391/pdf?version=1472554516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/9/1391/pdf?version=1472554516","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003150367","display_name":"Tayyaba Liaqat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tayyaba Liaqat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020128989","display_name":"Mariam Akbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8019-9114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055380996","display_name":"Nadeem Javaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadeem Javaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-8249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062902350","display_name":"Umar Qasim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-7731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umar Qasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cameron Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-7731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cameron Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043620442","display_name":"Zahoor Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-2979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahoor Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internetworking Program, FE, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 4R2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-2979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internetworking Program, FE, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 4R2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111238327","display_name":"Qaisar Javaid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qaisar Javaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025099035","display_name":"Turki Ali Alghamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-2183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turki Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of CIS, Umm AlQura University, Makkah 11692, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of CIS, Umm AlQura University, Makkah 11692, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078756309","display_name":"Iftikhar Azim Niaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-6879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iftikhar Niaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-6879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055380996"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5147,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83105269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"1391","last_page":"1391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.701852560043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6784752607345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6515105366706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6315563321113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.61761873960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5997204780578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4886181950569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.480517715215683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.45398396253585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.43780776858329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sink","display_name":"Sink (geography)","score":0.41651618480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3345707654953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2239851951599121}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.701852560043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6784752607345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6515105366706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6315563321113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.61761873960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5997204780578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4886181950569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.480517715215683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.45398396253585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.43780776858329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143050476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194502","display_name":"Sink (geography)","level":2,"score":0.41651618480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3345707654953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2239851951599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16091391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091391","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/9/1391/pdf?version=1472554516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27589750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27589750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:31e3f541665f4ec7a80e19e6c1e5a4c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/31e3f541665f4ec7a80e19e6c1e5a4c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 1391 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/9/1391/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16091391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 9; Pages: 1391","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5038669","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5038669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16091391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091391","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/9/1391/pdf?version=1472554516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2514362252.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2514362252.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498617973","https://openalex.org/W1527750937","https://openalex.org/W1589042869","https://openalex.org/W1679838728","https://openalex.org/W1834771425","https://openalex.org/W1908795262","https://openalex.org/W1973075866","https://openalex.org/W1976213842","https://openalex.org/W1976987228","https://openalex.org/W1978261567","https://openalex.org/W1984040203","https://openalex.org/W2010235209","https://openalex.org/W2019630462","https://openalex.org/W2025283398","https://openalex.org/W2025675718","https://openalex.org/W2033168596","https://openalex.org/W2048124977","https://openalex.org/W2058302113","https://openalex.org/W2073636983","https://openalex.org/W2087246426","https://openalex.org/W2089419749","https://openalex.org/W2091581981","https://openalex.org/W2092444454","https://openalex.org/W2093125009","https://openalex.org/W2095960740","https://openalex.org/W2106749924","https://openalex.org/W2108865370","https://openalex.org/W2109827422","https://openalex.org/W2112748309","https://openalex.org/W2129879516","https://openalex.org/W2131727629","https://openalex.org/W2148296728","https://openalex.org/W2159751488","https://openalex.org/W2178090035","https://openalex.org/W2182118378","https://openalex.org/W2187903418","https://openalex.org/W2255766183","https://openalex.org/W2323415919","https://openalex.org/W2330861432","https://openalex.org/W2345612674","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629291900","https://openalex.org/W6638125450","https://openalex.org/W6655611665","https://openalex.org/W6662550369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126842185","https://openalex.org/W1992906332","https://openalex.org/W2011277702","https://openalex.org/W2546592407","https://openalex.org/W2008974667","https://openalex.org/W4233083428","https://openalex.org/W1593279778","https://openalex.org/W1888834805","https://openalex.org/W2172109346","https://openalex.org/W2544170366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"cooperative":[3],"routing":[4],"scheme":[5],"to":[6,29,62],"improve":[7],"data":[8,41],"reliability.":[9],"The":[10],"proposed":[11,60,74],"protocol":[12],"achieves":[13],"its":[14,65],"objective,":[15],"however,":[16],"at":[17,46],"the":[18,31,43,70,79],"cost":[19,34],"of":[20,35,58,72,78],"surplus":[21],"energy":[22,32,55],"consumption.":[23],"Thus":[24],"sink":[25],"mobility":[26],"is":[27],"introduced":[28],"minimize":[30],"consumption":[33],"nodes":[36,45],"as":[37],"it":[38],"directly":[39],"collects":[40],"from":[42],"network":[44],"minimized":[47],"communication":[48],"distance.":[49],"We":[50],"also":[51],"present":[52],"delay":[53],"and":[54],"optimized":[56],"versions":[57],"our":[59,73],"RE-AEDG":[61,75],"further":[63],"enhance":[64],"performance.":[66],"Simulation":[67],"results":[68],"prove":[69],"effectiveness":[71],"in":[76],"terms":[77],"selected":[80],"performance":[81],"matrics.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}