{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2511146621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081319","title":"Colour-Based Binary Discrimination of Scarified Quercus robur Acorns under Varying Illumination","display_name":"Colour-Based Binary Discrimination of Scarified Quercus robur Acorns under Varying Illumination","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2511146621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081319","mag":"2511146621","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27548173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16081319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/8/1319/pdf?version=1471513936","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/8/1319/pdf?version=1471513936","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102808017","display_name":"M. Jab\u0142o\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2406-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miros\u0142aw Jab\u0142o\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krak\u00f3w 30-059, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krak\u00f3w 30-059, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059184594","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Tylek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019092743","display_name":"University of Agriculture in Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/012dxyr07","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019092743"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Tylek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Work Mechanisation, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 46 29-listopada Ave., Krak\u00f3w 31-425, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-6095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Work Mechanisation, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 46 29-listopada Ave., Krak\u00f3w 31-425, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019092743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112496816","display_name":"J\u00f3zef Walczyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019092743","display_name":"University of Agriculture in Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/012dxyr07","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019092743"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f3zef Walczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Work Mechanisation, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 46 29-listopada Ave., Krak\u00f3w 31-425, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Work Mechanisation, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 46 29-listopada Ave., Krak\u00f3w 31-425, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019092743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041878024","display_name":"Ryszard Tadeusiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-5819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryszard Tadeusiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krak\u00f3w 30-059, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krak\u00f3w 30-059, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069437624","display_name":"Adam Pi\u0142at","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4349-3311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Pi\u0142at","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krak\u00f3w 30-059, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., Krak\u00f3w 30-059, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102808017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":7.0519,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95913519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"1319","last_page":"1319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.9495000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7636220455169678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5587302446365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.5158809423446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarification","display_name":"Scarification","score":0.5153021812438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5023083686828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirt","display_name":"Dirt","score":0.4905633330345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hue","display_name":"Hue","score":0.4561275243759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.44913214445114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hough-transform","display_name":"Hough transform","score":0.41371816396713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4017350375652313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39428430795669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germination","display_name":"Germination","score":0.2047579288482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19283118844032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18220090866088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13553562760353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.10511037707328796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7636220455169678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5587302446365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.5158809423446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778395844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570784","display_name":"Scarification","level":4,"score":0.5153021812438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5023083686828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778582501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555882","display_name":"Dirt","level":2,"score":0.4905633330345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.4561275243759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.44913214445114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200518788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195076","display_name":"Hough transform","level":3,"score":0.41371816396713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4017350375652313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39428430795669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.2047579288482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19283118844032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18220090866088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13553562760353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.10511037707328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162267","display_name":"Dormancy","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018525","descriptor_name":"Germination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018525","descriptor_name":"Germination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018525","descriptor_name":"Germination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16081319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/8/1319/pdf?version=1471513936","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27548173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27548173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e25a2f13220344fe889bcc21481c9381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e25a2f13220344fe889bcc21481c9381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 8, p 1319 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/8/1319/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16081319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 8; Pages: 1319","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5017484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5017484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16081319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081319","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/8/1319/pdf?version=1471513936","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3815563958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PBS3/A8/134/2015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","ror":"https://ror.org/05pwfyy15"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2511146621.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2511146621.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23298513","https://openalex.org/W184139471","https://openalex.org/W561396376","https://openalex.org/W1577585688","https://openalex.org/W1588144863","https://openalex.org/W1811480650","https://openalex.org/W1868236598","https://openalex.org/W1968114652","https://openalex.org/W1971614991","https://openalex.org/W1979932088","https://openalex.org/W1981541288","https://openalex.org/W1989712641","https://openalex.org/W1997924822","https://openalex.org/W2008600585","https://openalex.org/W2017137463","https://openalex.org/W2033150436","https://openalex.org/W2034980458","https://openalex.org/W2037251905","https://openalex.org/W2041221361","https://openalex.org/W2052768561","https://openalex.org/W2052919309","https://openalex.org/W2054130773","https://openalex.org/W2058905763","https://openalex.org/W2059697858","https://openalex.org/W2089040011","https://openalex.org/W2106791564","https://openalex.org/W2107560761","https://openalex.org/W2125537692","https://openalex.org/W2138438641","https://openalex.org/W2141037501","https://openalex.org/W2161677454","https://openalex.org/W2172079901","https://openalex.org/W2183293565","https://openalex.org/W2264712305","https://openalex.org/W2462685695","https://openalex.org/W2554757098","https://openalex.org/W2612371151","https://openalex.org/W4210772362","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600944276","https://openalex.org/W6737176303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057213227","https://openalex.org/W2037829762","https://openalex.org/W2483334712","https://openalex.org/W2077604717","https://openalex.org/W2352212546","https://openalex.org/W195039303","https://openalex.org/W2157479968","https://openalex.org/W2770454859","https://openalex.org/W2921959338","https://openalex.org/W2036897369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efforts":[0],"to":[1,109,125,248],"predict":[2,110],"the":[3,18,33,39,87,114,117,143,146,232,235],"germination":[4],"ability":[5],"of":[6,32,35,41,43,66,74,84,90,97,103,105,116,119,134,138,145,149,160,169,171,177,202,228,234,254,258],"acorns":[7,180],"using":[8,157,182],"their":[9,46,111],"shape,":[10],"length,":[11],"diameter":[12],"and":[13,77,95,163,193,221],"density":[14],"are":[15,23,237],"reported":[16],"in":[17,107,136],"literature.":[19],"These":[20],"methods,":[21],"however,":[22],"not":[24],"efficient":[25,132],"enough.":[26],"As":[27],"such,":[28],"a":[29,63,91,266],"visual":[30],"assessment":[31,78],"viability":[34],"seeds":[36,44,106,135,150],"based":[37],"on":[38,175],"appearance":[40],"cross-sections":[42],"following":[45],"scarification":[47,76],"is":[48,52,123],"used.":[49],"This":[50,82],"procedure":[51],"more":[53],"robust":[54],"but":[55],"demands":[56],"significant":[57],"effort":[58],"from":[59],"experienced":[60,212],"employees":[61],"over":[62],"short":[64],"period":[65],"time.":[67],"In":[68,113],"this":[69],"article":[70,141],"an":[71,225],"automated":[72],"method":[73],"acorn":[75],"has":[79,205,215],"been":[80,206,216,262],"announced.":[81],"type":[83],"automation":[85],"requires":[86],"specific":[88],"setup":[89],"machine":[92,186],"vision":[93,187],"system":[94],"application":[96],"image":[98,128],"processing":[99],"algorithms":[100],"for":[101],"evaluation":[102],"sections":[104,176,236],"order":[108],"viability.":[112,139],"stage":[115],"analysis":[118],"pathological":[120],"changes,":[121],"it":[122],"important":[124],"point":[126],"out":[127],"features":[129],"that":[130,218,231],"enable":[131],"classification":[133,204],"respect":[137],"The":[140,200,240],"shows":[142],"results":[144],"binary":[147],"separation":[148],"into":[151],"two":[152,183],"fractions":[153],"(healthy":[154],"or":[155],"spoiled)":[156],"average":[158],"components":[159],"regular":[161],"red-green-blue":[162],"perception-based":[164],"hue-saturation-value":[165],"colour":[166],"space.":[167],"Analysis":[168],"accuracy":[170,201,226],"discrimination":[172,255],"was":[173,244],"performed":[174],"400":[178],"scarified":[179],"acquired":[181],"various":[184],"setups:":[185],"camera":[188,196],"under":[189,197],"uncontrolled":[190],"varying":[191],"illumination":[192],"commodity":[194],"high-resolution":[195],"controlled":[198],"illumination.":[199],"automatic":[203,220],"compared":[207],"with":[208],"predictions":[209,249],"completed":[210],"by":[211,251,256],"professionals.":[213,252],"It":[214],"shown":[217],"both":[219],"manual":[222],"methods":[223],"reach":[224],"level":[227],"84%,":[229],"assuming":[230],"images":[233],"properly":[238],"normalised.":[239],"achieved":[241],"recognition":[242],"ratio":[243],"higher":[245],"when":[246],"referenced":[247],"provided":[250],"Results":[253],"means":[257],"Bayes":[259],"classifier":[260],"have":[261],"also":[263],"presented":[264],"as":[265],"reference.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}