{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467171156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071044","title":"Node Detection and Internode Length Estimation of Tomato Seedlings Based on Image Analysis and Machine Learning","display_name":"Node Detection and Internode Length Estimation of Tomato Seedlings Based on Image Analysis and Machine Learning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467171156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071044","mag":"2467171156","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27399708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16071044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1044/pdf?version=1467889192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1044/pdf?version=1467889192","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029930042","display_name":"Kyosuke Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyosuke Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan","PS Solutions Corp., 1-5-2 Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7104, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PS Solutions Corp., 1-5-2 Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7104, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047578156","display_name":"Wei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-5464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034512737","display_name":"S. Ninomiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-4354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seishi Ninomiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034512737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.4826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94770793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"1044","last_page":"1044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7888681292533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5767917633056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5452041029930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5437664985656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling","display_name":"Seedling","score":0.5251742601394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.513335645198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.49007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39464855194091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36220061779022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.20427009463310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1486474573612213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09576213359832764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7888681292533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5767917633056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5452041029930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5437664985656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.5251742601394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.513335645198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.49007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39464855194091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36220061779022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.20427009463310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1486474573612213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09576213359832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018547","descriptor_name":"Plant Stems","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018547","descriptor_name":"Plant Stems","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018547","descriptor_name":"Plant Stems","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018548","descriptor_name":"Cotyledon","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018548","descriptor_name":"Cotyledon","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018548","descriptor_name":"Cotyledon","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018551","descriptor_name":"Solanum lycopersicum","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018551","descriptor_name":"Solanum lycopersicum","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018551","descriptor_name":"Solanum lycopersicum","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036226","descriptor_name":"Seedlings","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036226","descriptor_name":"Seedlings","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036226","descriptor_name":"Seedlings","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16071044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1044/pdf?version=1467889192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27399708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27399708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27917a971738469e929b52376c53c3ab","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27917a971738469e929b52376c53c3ab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 1044 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4970091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4970091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16071044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1044/pdf?version=1467889192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2521286739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4331147476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"&quot","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4611969921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4864544293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7485138276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2467171156.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2467171156.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34661925","https://openalex.org/W131122855","https://openalex.org/W1462043255","https://openalex.org/W1551774182","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1972895159","https://openalex.org/W1976921161","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1979883299","https://openalex.org/W1980180011","https://openalex.org/W1986604725","https://openalex.org/W1998686312","https://openalex.org/W2012592962","https://openalex.org/W2018563411","https://openalex.org/W2026021064","https://openalex.org/W2028045291","https://openalex.org/W2032173027","https://openalex.org/W2039367092","https://openalex.org/W2044651338","https://openalex.org/W2053486818","https://openalex.org/W2060239504","https://openalex.org/W2064352738","https://openalex.org/W2071027807","https://openalex.org/W2072364589","https://openalex.org/W2073754472","https://openalex.org/W2082470557","https://openalex.org/W2091119928","https://openalex.org/W2094766409","https://openalex.org/W2099717788","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2111867943","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2134974756","https://openalex.org/W2140944144","https://openalex.org/W2145057702","https://openalex.org/W2146041684","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2156585878","https://openalex.org/W2158088636","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165232124","https://openalex.org/W2183534475","https://openalex.org/W2293581983","https://openalex.org/W2325997631","https://openalex.org/W2396098103","https://openalex.org/W2463730781","https://openalex.org/W2495719754","https://openalex.org/W2590447075","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6636494156","https://openalex.org/W6686176863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388922981","https://openalex.org/W2376588297","https://openalex.org/W2043993394","https://openalex.org/W2379020407","https://openalex.org/W2366809278","https://openalex.org/W2111376716","https://openalex.org/W2257276718","https://openalex.org/W2378658865","https://openalex.org/W2355792773","https://openalex.org/W2146559394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seedling":[0],"vigor":[1,231],"in":[2,158,195],"tomatoes":[3],"determines":[4],"the":[5,20,28,31,136,148,155,172,186,196,205,226,230],"quality":[6],"and":[7,11,68,104,110,236],"growth":[8],"of":[9,23,60,93,130,135,154,161,174,181,188,216,232],"fruits":[10],"total":[12],"plant":[13],"productivity.":[14],"It":[15],"is":[16],"well":[17],"known":[18],"that":[19,147,222],"salient":[21],"effects":[22],"environmental":[24],"stresses":[25],"appear":[26],"on":[27,192,200],"internode":[29,49,69,208],"length;":[30],"length":[32,50,70,209],"between":[33],"adjoining":[34],"main":[35,76],"stem":[36],"node":[37,63,65,86,118,137,143],"(henceforth":[38],"called":[39],"node).":[40],"In":[41,170],"this":[42],"study,":[43],"we":[44],"develop":[45],"a":[46,140,175,213],"method":[47,58,73,150,224],"for":[48,85,117],"estimation":[51,210],"using":[52],"image":[53,197],"processing":[54],"technology.":[55],"The":[56,207],"proposed":[57,149],"consists":[59],"three":[61,162],"steps:":[62],"detection,":[64,87],"order":[66,119],"estimation,":[67,120],"estimation.":[71],"This":[72],"has":[74,225],"two":[75],"advantages:":[77],"(i)":[78],"as":[79,112,139],"it":[80,88,113,121],"uses":[81,114],"machine":[82],"learning":[83],"approaches":[84],"does":[89],"not":[90],"require":[91],"adjustment":[92],"threshold":[94],"values":[95],"even":[96],"though":[97],"seedlings":[98,126,163,234],"are":[99],"imaged":[100],"under":[101],"varying":[102],"timings":[103],"lighting":[105],"conditions":[106],"with":[107,127],"complex":[108],"backgrounds;":[109],"(ii)":[111],"affinity":[115],"propagation":[116],"can":[122,151],"be":[123],"applied":[124],"to":[125,228],"different":[128],"numbers":[129],"nodes":[131,157],"without":[132],"prior":[133],"provision":[134],"number":[138],"parameter.":[141],"Our":[142],"detection":[144],"results":[145,211,220],"show":[146],"detect":[152],"72%":[153],"358":[156],"time-series":[159],"imaging":[160],"(recall":[164],"=":[165,168],"0.72,":[166],"precision":[167],"0.78).":[169],"particular,":[171],"application":[173],"general":[176],"object":[177],"recognition":[178],"approach,":[179],"Bag":[180],"Visual":[182],"Words":[183],"(BoVWs),":[184],"enabled":[185],"elimination":[187],"many":[189],"false":[190],"positives":[191],"leaves":[193],"occurring":[194],"segmentation":[198],"based":[199],"pixel":[201],"color,":[202],"significantly":[203],"improving":[204],"precision.":[206],"had":[212],"relative":[214],"error":[215],"below":[217],"15.4%.":[218],"These":[219],"demonstrate":[221],"our":[223],"ability":[227],"evaluate":[229],"tomato":[233],"quickly":[235],"accurately.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
