{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2474458096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071017","title":"Parameter Estimation of a Ground Moving Target Using Image Sharpness Optimization","display_name":"Parameter Estimation of a Ground Moving Target Using Image Sharpness Optimization","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2474458096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071017","mag":"2474458096","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27376294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16071017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1017/pdf?version=1467283680","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1017/pdf?version=1467283680","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029364045","display_name":"Jing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-6490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-6490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017078676","display_name":"Yaan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-9780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-9780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029364045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":6.5115,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97911142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"1017","last_page":"1017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moving-target-indication","display_name":"Moving target indication","score":0.826956033706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7066963315010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6173511147499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5885069370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5738218426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5519661903381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4910123646259308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.476259708404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4719730317592621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4524950683116913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43378984928131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-function","display_name":"Quadratic function","score":0.4297243058681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.37766575813293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3381648659706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.3333747982978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2999579906463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29526761174201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.17539042234420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13750001788139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12888562679290771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162416716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446180","display_name":"Moving target indication","level":5,"score":0.826956033706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7066963315010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6173511147499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5885069370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5738218426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5519661903381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4910123646259308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.476259708404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4719730317592621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4524950683116913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43378984928131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166437778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50695","display_name":"Quadratic function","level":3,"score":0.4297243058681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.37766575813293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3381648659706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.3333747982978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2999579906463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29526761174201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.17539042234420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13750001788139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12888562679290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16071017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1017/pdf?version=1467283680","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27376294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27376294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a64bef94f8948a19a37d9feff5829a4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a64bef94f8948a19a37d9feff5829a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 1017 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/7/1017/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16071017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 7; Pages: 1017","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4970067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4970067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16071017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1017/pdf?version=1467283680","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7691664285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51409214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2474458096.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2474458096.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W641467550","https://openalex.org/W1973556278","https://openalex.org/W1982303641","https://openalex.org/W1986362571","https://openalex.org/W1987082793","https://openalex.org/W1988200311","https://openalex.org/W1998992871","https://openalex.org/W1999159357","https://openalex.org/W2002558120","https://openalex.org/W2017832133","https://openalex.org/W2024889414","https://openalex.org/W2048659479","https://openalex.org/W2054220418","https://openalex.org/W2081789190","https://openalex.org/W2084287660","https://openalex.org/W2115856358","https://openalex.org/W2156581544","https://openalex.org/W2171912497","https://openalex.org/W2196478891","https://openalex.org/W2377751474","https://openalex.org/W3147323350","https://openalex.org/W6677268788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107043386","https://openalex.org/W2908190742","https://openalex.org/W2067098497","https://openalex.org/W1596076796","https://openalex.org/W2172293690","https://openalex.org/W1420648437","https://openalex.org/W2260618954","https://openalex.org/W2206422526","https://openalex.org/W2140480766","https://openalex.org/W1968380043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motion":[0],"parameter":[1,73,125],"estimation":[2,74,126,145],"of":[3,32,57,60,62,101,112,147],"a":[4,33,55,68],"ground":[5,16,70],"moving":[6,17,34,71,123],"target":[7,18,35,72,114,118,124],"is":[8,82],"an":[9],"important":[10],"issue":[11],"in":[12,134],"synthetic":[13],"aperture":[14],"radar":[15],"indication":[19],"(SAR-GMTI)":[20],"which":[21],"has":[22],"significant":[23],"applications":[24],"for":[25],"civilian":[26],"and":[27,39,45,91,115,128,142],"military.":[28],"The":[29,50,84,121],"SAR":[30],"image":[31,119,129],"may":[36],"be":[37],"displaced":[38],"defocused":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42,153],"the":[43,58,63,78,87,92,102,109,113,116,140,148],"radial":[44],"along-track":[46],"velocity":[47,94,110,144],"components,":[48],"respectively.":[49],"sharpness":[51,79,103,130],"cost":[52,104],"function":[53],"presents":[54],"measure":[56],"degree":[59],"focus":[61],"image.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"work,":[67],"new":[69],"algorithm":[75],"based":[76],"on":[77],"optimization":[80],"criterion":[81],"proposed.":[83],"relationships":[85],"between":[86],"quadratic":[88],"phase":[89],"errors":[90],"target's":[93],"components":[95,111],"are":[96,132],"derived.":[97],"Using":[98],"two-dimensional":[99],"searching":[100],"function,":[105],"we":[106],"can":[107],"obtain":[108],"focused":[117],"simultaneously.":[120],"proposed":[122,149],"method":[127,150],"metrics":[131],"analyzed":[133],"detail.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"numerical":[137],"results":[138],"illustrate":[139],"effective":[141],"superior":[143],"performance":[146],"when":[151],"compared":[152],"existing":[154],"algorithms.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}