{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2466879381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16070960","title":"DARAL: A Dynamic and Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"DARAL: A Dynamic and Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2466879381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16070960","mag":"2466879381","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27347962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16070960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16070960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/960/pdf?version=1466762225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/960/pdf?version=1466762225","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033791346","display_name":"Francisco J. Est\u00e9vez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7877-0115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63274643","display_name":"FH M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv45a02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63274643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["DE","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Est\u00e9vez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences of M\u00fcnster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, D-48565 Steinfurt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences of M\u00fcnster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, D-48565 Steinfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63274643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109234958","display_name":"Peter Gl\u00f6sek\u00f6tter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63274643","display_name":"FH M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv45a02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63274643"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Gl\u00f6sek\u00f6tter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences of M\u00fcnster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, D-48565 Steinfurt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences of M\u00fcnster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, D-48565 Steinfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63274643"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070099905","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-1821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033791346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897","https://openalex.org/I63274643"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4294,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89890225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"960","last_page":"960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7376314401626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5798147320747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5719587802886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5714314579963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5607767701148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5495936274528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.5436766147613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-based-routing","display_name":"Policy-based routing","score":0.5435450077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.5273932814598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-routing","display_name":"Hierarchical routing","score":0.5102288722991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.46677154302597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.4625821113586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4578929543495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-routing","display_name":"Multipath routing","score":0.4428795576095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4407913088798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.42636638879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.41432899236679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3878762125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15472924709320068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7376314401626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5798147320747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5719587802886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5714314579963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5607767701148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5495936274528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.5436766147613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.5435450077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.5273932814598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177818476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12878103","display_name":"Hierarchical routing","level":5,"score":0.5102288722991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.46677154302597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.4625821113586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4578929543495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.4428795576095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4407913088798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42636638879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.41432899236679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3878762125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15472924709320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16070960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16070960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/960/pdf?version=1466762225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27347962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27347962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/45002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10481/45002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:91c59dadb69b4bd2a6c9fe115addcdc1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/91c59dadb69b4bd2a6c9fe115addcdc1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 960 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3935645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4970014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/7/960/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16070960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 7; Pages: 960","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16070960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16070960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/960/pdf?version=1466762225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5831021337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TIN2015-67020-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2466879381.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2466879381.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63054062","https://openalex.org/W1966330783","https://openalex.org/W1970586689","https://openalex.org/W1974907922","https://openalex.org/W2043510950","https://openalex.org/W2045674072","https://openalex.org/W2069088890","https://openalex.org/W2070465743","https://openalex.org/W2076124516","https://openalex.org/W2092193162","https://openalex.org/W2101455523","https://openalex.org/W2102258543","https://openalex.org/W2112525087","https://openalex.org/W2121706841","https://openalex.org/W2123476073","https://openalex.org/W2125279071","https://openalex.org/W2132895032","https://openalex.org/W2148451476","https://openalex.org/W2154730439","https://openalex.org/W2161371274","https://openalex.org/W2296121777","https://openalex.org/W2313156355","https://openalex.org/W2321006624","https://openalex.org/W2325877089","https://openalex.org/W2409433878","https://openalex.org/W2560203122","https://openalex.org/W3147730994","https://openalex.org/W4254739970","https://openalex.org/W6602503901","https://openalex.org/W6676474364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944616377","https://openalex.org/W2607223747","https://openalex.org/W2286025681","https://openalex.org/W1655019438","https://openalex.org/W4377970799","https://openalex.org/W2251995179","https://openalex.org/W2613682624","https://openalex.org/W2002267183","https://openalex.org/W2619478018","https://openalex.org/W2166368933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106,124],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,29,66,131],"Smart":[3],"City":[4],"projects":[5],"is":[6,127],"pushing":[7],"researchers":[8],"and":[9,17,41,57,96,102,113],"companies":[10],"to":[11],"develop":[12],"more":[13,19],"efficient":[14,20],"embedded":[15],"hardware":[16],"also":[18],"communication":[21,24],"technologies.":[22],"These":[23],"technologies":[25],"are":[26],"the":[27,64,84,93,98,103,116,132],"focus":[28],"this":[30],"work,":[31],"presenting":[32],"a":[33,50,54,58,73,78,89,121],"new":[34],"routing":[35,74,125,136],"algorithm":[36,48,75,126],"based":[37,76,109],"on":[38,77],"dynamically-allocated":[39,79],"sub-networks":[40],"node":[42,122],"roles.":[43],"Among":[44],"these":[45],"features,":[46],"our":[47],"presents":[49,72],"fast":[51],"set-up":[52],"time,":[53],"reduced":[55],"overhead":[56,101],"hierarchical":[59,80],"organization,":[60],"which":[61,82],"allows":[62],"for":[63,138],"application":[65],"complex":[67],"management":[68],"techniques.":[69],"This":[70],"work":[71,108],"clustering,":[81],"uses":[83],"link":[85],"quality":[86],"indicator":[87],"as":[88,120],"reference":[90],"parameter,":[91],"maximizing":[92],"network":[94],"coverage":[95],"minimizing":[97],"control":[99],"message":[100],"convergence":[104],"time.":[105],"present":[107],"its":[110],"test":[111],"scenario":[112,140],"analysis":[114],"in":[115],"density":[117],"measure,":[118],"considered":[119],"degree.":[123],"compared":[128],"with":[129],"some":[130],"most":[133],"well":[134],"known":[135],"algorithms":[137],"different":[139],"densities.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}