{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2415000824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060846","title":"Physical Layer Security Using Two-Path Successive Relaying","display_name":"Physical Layer Security Using Two-Path Successive Relaying","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2415000824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060846","mag":"2415000824","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27294924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16060846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/846/pdf?version=1465451748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/846/pdf?version=1465451748","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001352568","display_name":"Qian Yu Liau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-684X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Liau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-684X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012672843","display_name":"Chee Yen Leow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6418-0184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chee Leow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002904166","display_name":"Zhiguo Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-384X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012672843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8796,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75990452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"846","last_page":"846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7061917781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplex","display_name":"Duplex (building)","score":0.6515921950340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6213165521621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6080077886581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5760869383811951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5743931531906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5643357634544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2522575855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15417629480361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06330794095993042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7061917781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99611785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453233","display_name":"Duplex (building)","level":3,"score":0.6515921950340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6213165521621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6080077886581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5760869383811951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5743931531906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5643357634544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2522575855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15417629480361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06330794095993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16060846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/846/pdf?version=1465451748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27294924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27294924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07960f8a34df4365b8ee0ad17b14662f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07960f8a34df4365b8ee0ad17b14662f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 846 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:80802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/80802/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3901883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4934272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/6/846/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16060846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 6; Pages: 846","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16060846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060846","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/846/pdf?version=1465451748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3116932997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"690750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345895242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3477743816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-RISE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3645764257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"07085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4033040716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12H35","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4686318507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G909475451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"690750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2415000824.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2415000824.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484543964","https://openalex.org/W1989821035","https://openalex.org/W1990826127","https://openalex.org/W1998718575","https://openalex.org/W2040732689","https://openalex.org/W2041087892","https://openalex.org/W2046388897","https://openalex.org/W2046662244","https://openalex.org/W2055044375","https://openalex.org/W2058681583","https://openalex.org/W2075653421","https://openalex.org/W2080693943","https://openalex.org/W2086006789","https://openalex.org/W2090098259","https://openalex.org/W2093880568","https://openalex.org/W2096243179","https://openalex.org/W2099692390","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2110778120","https://openalex.org/W2124431228","https://openalex.org/W2128153585","https://openalex.org/W2136876942","https://openalex.org/W2143005940","https://openalex.org/W2153242313","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2159687282","https://openalex.org/W2172233962","https://openalex.org/W2197037893","https://openalex.org/W2267662272","https://openalex.org/W2276619330","https://openalex.org/W2279189236","https://openalex.org/W2310371736","https://openalex.org/W2546383478","https://openalex.org/W2547771732","https://openalex.org/W2603763444","https://openalex.org/W3150096732","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6664174120","https://openalex.org/W6736553694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016567611","https://openalex.org/W2493929861","https://openalex.org/W2475541339","https://openalex.org/W2107199751","https://openalex.org/W565335793","https://openalex.org/W2363071176","https://openalex.org/W99756173","https://openalex.org/W2765236478","https://openalex.org/W4360996312","https://openalex.org/W2529506699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relaying":[0],"is":[1,33],"one":[2,93,95],"of":[3,20,37,52,59,71,121,130,144,163,171],"the":[4,35,64,69,119,128,135,154,158,168,179],"useful":[5],"techniques":[6],"to":[7,49,62,110,116,147,178],"enhance":[8],"wireless":[9],"physical-layer":[10],"security.":[11],"Existing":[12],"literature":[13],"shows":[14],"that":[15,127,153],"employing":[16],"full-duplex":[17,53,148,164],"relay":[18,23,54],"instead":[19],"conventional":[21],"half-duplex":[22,60,99,132],"improves":[24],"secrecy":[25,28,76,84,161,174],"capacity":[26],"and":[27,97,173,187],"outage":[29,175],"probability,":[30],"but":[31],"this":[32],"at":[34],"price":[36],"sophisticated":[38],"implementation.":[39],"As":[40],"an":[41,122],"alternative,":[42],"two-path":[43,72,85],"successive":[44,73,86],"relaying":[45,74,87,165,186],"has":[46],"been":[47],"proposed":[48,136,155],"emulate":[50],"operation":[51],"by":[55],"scheduling":[56],"a":[57,83,90,106,140],"pair":[58],"relays":[61,102,133],"assist":[63],"source":[65,115],"transmission":[66],"alternately.":[67],"However,":[68],"performance":[70],"in":[75,105,118,134],"communication":[77],"remains":[78],"unexplored.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"proposes":[82],"protocol":[88,156],"for":[89],"scenario":[91],"with":[92],"source,":[94],"destination":[96,117],"two":[98,131],"relays.":[100],"The":[101],"operate":[103],"alternately":[104],"time":[107],"division":[108],"mode":[109],"forward":[111],"messages":[112],"continuously":[113],"from":[114],"presence":[120],"eavesdropper.":[123],"Analytical":[124],"results":[125],"reveal":[126],"use":[129],"scheme":[137],"contributes":[138],"towards":[139],"quadratically":[141],"lower":[142],"probability":[143,170,176],"interception":[145,172],"compared":[146,177],"relaying.":[149],"Numerical":[150],"simulations":[151],"show":[152],"achieves":[157],"ergodic":[159],"achievable":[160],"rate":[162],"while":[166],"delivering":[167],"lowest":[169],"existing":[180],"half":[181],"duplex":[182,185,189],"relaying,":[183],"full":[184,188],"jamming":[190],"schemes.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
