{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2410340862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060813","title":"Street Viewer: An Autonomous Vision Based Traffic Tracking System","display_name":"Street Viewer: An Autonomous Vision Based Traffic Tracking System","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2410340862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060813","mag":"2410340862","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27271627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16060813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060813","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/813/pdf?version=1464937086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/813/pdf?version=1464937086","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040856490","display_name":"A. Bottino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Bottino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026375918","display_name":"Alessandro Garbo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Garbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077265691","display_name":"C. Loiacono","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmelo Loiacono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023997315","display_name":"Stefano Quer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-8277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Quer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-8277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica ed Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023997315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.4428,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84697074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"813","last_page":"813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7676888108253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7390105724334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6387859582901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6118654012680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guidance-system","display_name":"Guidance system","score":0.46841755509376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4485994279384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.43299174308776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.4239007234573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.41143831610679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.40044182538986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3668563961982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1410185992717743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.125270277261734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12076866626739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10202276706695557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7676888108253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7390105724334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6387859582901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6118654012680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201004817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707071","display_name":"Guidance system","level":2,"score":0.46841755509376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4485994279384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.43299174308776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.4239007234573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.41143831610679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.40044182538986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3668563961982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1410185992717743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.125270277261734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12076866626739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10202276706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16060813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060813","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/813/pdf?version=1464937086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27271627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27271627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d4749563c1c466d8d1cf606178378c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d4749563c1c466d8d1cf606178378c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 813 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3901850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4934239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/6/813/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16060813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 6; Pages: 813","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:porto.polito.it:2643727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2643727/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402038","display_name":"PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","host_organization_name":"Politecnico di Torino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1424-8220","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16060813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060813","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/813/pdf?version=1464937086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2410340862.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2410340862.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503042329","https://openalex.org/W1573546770","https://openalex.org/W1894054249","https://openalex.org/W1973261441","https://openalex.org/W2027843963","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2038436579","https://openalex.org/W2089709686","https://openalex.org/W2110013522","https://openalex.org/W2122679244","https://openalex.org/W2134576786","https://openalex.org/W2142318951","https://openalex.org/W2146837664","https://openalex.org/W2155268664","https://openalex.org/W2160797951","https://openalex.org/W2163085542","https://openalex.org/W2171330332","https://openalex.org/W2496944958","https://openalex.org/W6639629139","https://openalex.org/W6665635417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703","https://openalex.org/W41015297","https://openalex.org/W4280645561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,193],"development":[1],"of":[2,9,31,91,114,136,198,221],"intelligent":[3],"transportation":[4],"systems":[5],"requires":[6],"the":[7,33,79,86,92,102,105,126,137,141,145,149,153,157,179,184,190,196,199,204,216],"availability":[8],"both":[10],"accurate":[11],"traffic":[12,34,173],"information":[13,106,174],"in":[14,36,50,129,140,178,203],"real":[15,51],"time":[16,52],"and":[17,89,169,195,214],"a":[18,28,64,134,172],"cost-effective":[19],"solution.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24],"describe":[25],"Street":[26,47],"Viewer,":[27],"system":[29,62,150,185,200,217],"capable":[30],"analyzing":[32],"behavior":[35],"different":[37,212],"scenarios":[38,213],"from":[39],"images":[40],"taken":[41],"with":[42,57],"an":[43,123],"off-the-shelf":[44],"optical":[45],"camera.":[46],"Viewer":[48],"operates":[49],"on":[53,68,78,166,210],"embedded":[54],"hardware":[55],"architectures":[56],"limited":[58],"computational":[59],"resources.":[60],"features":[63],"pipelined":[65],"architecture":[66],"that,":[67],"one":[69,72,83],"side,":[70,81],"allows":[71,82],"to":[73,84,132,152,162,170,189],"exploit":[74],"multi-threading":[75],"intensively":[76],"and,":[77],"other":[80],"improve":[85],"overall":[87],"accuracy":[88,194],"robustness":[90,197],"system,":[93],"since":[94],"each":[95,167],"layer":[96],"is":[97,117,120,147,160],"aimed":[98],"at":[99],"refining":[100],"for":[101,218],"following":[103],"layers":[104],"it":[107,119],"receives":[108],"as":[109],"input.":[110],"Another":[111],"relevant":[112],"feature":[113],"our":[115],"approach":[116],"that":[118],"self-adaptive.":[121],"During":[122],"initial":[124],"setup,":[125],"application":[127],"runs":[128],"learning":[130,191],"mode":[131,155],"build":[133],"model":[135,146,159,181],"flow":[138,158,180],"patterns":[139],"observed":[142],"area.":[143],"Once":[144],"stable,":[148],"switches":[151,186],"on-line":[154],"where":[156],"used":[161],"count":[163],"vehicles":[164],"traveling":[165],"lane":[168],"produce":[171],"summary.":[175],"If":[176],"changes":[177],"are":[182,201],"detected,":[183],"back":[187],"autonomously":[188],"mode.":[192],"analyzed":[202],"paper":[205],"through":[206],"experimental":[207],"results":[208],"obtained":[209],"several":[211],"running":[215],"long":[219],"periods":[220],"time.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
