{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2362387723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050689","title":"Comprehensive Comparisons of Satellite Data, Signals, and Measurements between the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and the Global Positioning System","display_name":"Comprehensive Comparisons of Satellite Data, Signals, and Measurements between the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and the Global Positioning System","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2362387723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050689","mag":"2362387723","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27187403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050689","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/689/pdf?version=1463124212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/689/pdf?version=1463124212","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068832268","display_name":"Shau\u2010Shiun Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shau-Shiun Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112336695","display_name":"An-Lin Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An-Lin Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068832268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":49.668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99456086,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"689","last_page":"689"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8685874938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beidou-navigation-satellite-system","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","score":0.6849678754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6503868103027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.6276311874389648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.61659836769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.608586311340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5257502198219299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4935554265975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.49283933639526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4723825454711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.425310343503952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21901223063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21285933256149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11174517869949341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8685874938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777783341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857141","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","level":4,"score":0.6849678754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6503868103027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.6276311874389648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.61659836769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.608586311340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5257502198219299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4935554265975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.49283933639526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4723825454711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.425310343503952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21901223063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21285933256149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11174517869949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050689","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/689/pdf?version=1463124212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27187403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27187403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2974ab0d94b0402f8136562250e1fb6d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2974ab0d94b0402f8136562250e1fb6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 689 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3848345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4883380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/5/689/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16050689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 5; Pages: 689","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050689","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/689/pdf?version=1463124212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2362387723.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2362387723.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5069152","https://openalex.org/W1691756509","https://openalex.org/W1813537582","https://openalex.org/W1957241838","https://openalex.org/W1968976865","https://openalex.org/W1969035677","https://openalex.org/W1972082223","https://openalex.org/W1984123740","https://openalex.org/W1986906625","https://openalex.org/W2060841034","https://openalex.org/W2082415608","https://openalex.org/W2095093213","https://openalex.org/W2110135299","https://openalex.org/W2133543742","https://openalex.org/W2134691634","https://openalex.org/W2136995064","https://openalex.org/W2140148550","https://openalex.org/W2201637236","https://openalex.org/W2333993699","https://openalex.org/W2375007449","https://openalex.org/W2532090653","https://openalex.org/W4243100138","https://openalex.org/W6734385572","https://openalex.org/W6992801156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229451083","https://openalex.org/W2001249767","https://openalex.org/W2886721164","https://openalex.org/W3036280485","https://openalex.org/W4380875458","https://openalex.org/W2366794542","https://openalex.org/W1507168133","https://openalex.org/W2625889682","https://openalex.org/W4306843418","https://openalex.org/W4220744854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15],"Chinese":[1],"BeiDou":[2],"navigation":[3,29],"satellite":[4,36,128],"system":[5],"(BDS)":[6],"aims":[7],"to":[8,27,48,61,93,111,141],"provide":[9,28],"global":[10],"positioning":[11,51,97,144],"service":[12,30,52],"by":[13,117,136],"2020.":[14],"combined":[16,148],"use":[17,149],"of":[18,64,99,146,150],"BDS":[19,56,100,112,151],"and":[20,39,57,66,81,101,113,131,152],"Global":[21],"Positioning":[22],"System":[23],"(GPS)":[24],"is":[25],"proposed":[26,89,120],"with":[31],"more":[32,44],"stringent":[33],"requirements.":[34],"Actual":[35],"data,":[37,129],"signals":[38,130],"measurements":[40,132],"were":[41],"collected":[42],"for":[43],"than":[45],"one":[46],"month":[47],"analyze":[49],"the":[50,62,95,106,118,125,138,143,147,155],"qualities":[53],"from":[54],"both":[55],"GPS.":[58,102],"In":[59],"addition":[60],"conversions":[63],"coordinate":[65],"timing":[67],"system,":[68],"five":[69],"data":[70],"quality":[71,77,84,121],"analysis":[72,78,85,122],"(DQA)":[73],"methods,":[74,80],"three":[75],"signal":[76],"(SQA)":[79],"four":[82],"measurement":[83],"(MQA)":[86],"methods":[87],"are":[88,115],"in":[90,105,127,154],"this":[91],"paper":[92],"improve":[94],"integrated":[96],"performance":[98,145],"As":[103],"shown":[104],"experiment":[107],"results,":[108],"issues":[109],"related":[110],"GPS":[114,153],"resolved":[116],"above":[119],"methods.":[123],"Thus,":[124],"anomalies":[126],"can":[133],"be":[134],"detected":[135],"following":[137],"suggested":[139],"resolutions":[140],"enhance":[142],"Asia":[156],"Pacific":[157],"region.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}