{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2347070949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050653","title":"Cubature Information SMC-PHD for Multi-Target Tracking","display_name":"Cubature Information SMC-PHD for Multi-Target Tracking","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2347070949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050653","mag":"2347070949","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27171088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050653","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/653/pdf?version=1462787625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/653/pdf?version=1462787625","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101581585","display_name":"Zhe Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3028-3657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3028-3657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103046319","display_name":"Zulin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-7739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zulin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079385534","display_name":"Mai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0277-3301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079385534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.0926,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92829793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"653","last_page":"653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.7176971435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6900265216827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6666873097419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5902271270751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5860062837600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5502835512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5465003848075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5284839868545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5111806988716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4855644404888153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importance-sampling","display_name":"Importance sampling","score":0.4774094820022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.44115522503852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35105836391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23040512204170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08270096778869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.07170361280441284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.7176971435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6900265216827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6666873097419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5902271270751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5860062837600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5502835512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5465003848075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5284839868545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5111806988716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4855644404888153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.4774094820022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.44115522503852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35105836391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23040512204170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08270096778869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.07170361280441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050653","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/653/pdf?version=1462787625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27171088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27171088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb979f810cb74a1fbd2cecc3af752283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb979f810cb74a1fbd2cecc3af752283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 653 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3848309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4883344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/5/653/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16050653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 5; Pages: 653","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050653","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/653/pdf?version=1462787625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5992289300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61471022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7470941311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8620536421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"151061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326297","funder_display_name":"Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326297","display_name":"Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2347070949.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2347070949.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34992941","https://openalex.org/W39783515","https://openalex.org/W239241655","https://openalex.org/W366026498","https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1542912205","https://openalex.org/W1569820002","https://openalex.org/W1869546201","https://openalex.org/W1964113075","https://openalex.org/W1968167068","https://openalex.org/W1974599169","https://openalex.org/W1985621395","https://openalex.org/W1987001827","https://openalex.org/W1990511877","https://openalex.org/W1993767722","https://openalex.org/W1994684794","https://openalex.org/W1999616028","https://openalex.org/W2001110635","https://openalex.org/W2013151737","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2015292491","https://openalex.org/W2023451621","https://openalex.org/W2026002536","https://openalex.org/W2044206947","https://openalex.org/W2045381534","https://openalex.org/W2050499609","https://openalex.org/W2054091988","https://openalex.org/W2094047919","https://openalex.org/W2107142957","https://openalex.org/W2107542991","https://openalex.org/W2121750169","https://openalex.org/W2122444778","https://openalex.org/W2126885789","https://openalex.org/W2129078811","https://openalex.org/W2131828605","https://openalex.org/W2137585588","https://openalex.org/W2141080731","https://openalex.org/W2147997178","https://openalex.org/W2155680787","https://openalex.org/W2155789682","https://openalex.org/W2161435744","https://openalex.org/W2165758957","https://openalex.org/W2238582461","https://openalex.org/W2262486396","https://openalex.org/W4244635056","https://openalex.org/W6634071429","https://openalex.org/W6679902156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989212443","https://openalex.org/W2103644279","https://openalex.org/W4302986566","https://openalex.org/W1968585197","https://openalex.org/W2135362996","https://openalex.org/W4247544095","https://openalex.org/W2122155275","https://openalex.org/W2752301189","https://openalex.org/W2145647377","https://openalex.org/W2008352624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"multi-target":[1,23,29,96],"tracking,":[2],"the":[3,9,18,21,34,57,61,75,78,90,103,107,115,124,135,142,149,154,157,168,172,183],"key":[4],"problem":[5],"lies":[6],"in":[7,16,69,84],"estimating":[8],"number":[10],"and":[11,25],"states":[12],"of":[13,53,77,134,163,171,185],"individual":[14],"targets,":[15],"which":[17,66,140],"challenge":[19],"is":[20,67,138,160],"time-varying":[22],"numbers":[24],"states.":[26],"Recently,":[27],"several":[28,145],"tracking":[30],"approaches,":[31],"based":[32],"on":[33],"sequential":[35],"Monte":[36],"Carlo":[37],"probability":[38],"hypothesis":[39],"density":[40,59],"(SMC-PHD)":[41],"filter,":[42,81],"have":[43],"been":[44],"presented":[45],"to":[46,113,122,148],"solve":[47],"such":[48],"a":[49,70,119,131,166],"problem.":[50],"However,":[51],"most":[52],"these":[54],"approaches":[55,88],"select":[56],"transition":[58],"as":[60,106],"importance":[62],"sampling":[63],"(IS)":[64],"function,":[65,126],"inefficient":[68],"nonlinear":[71],"scenario.":[72],"To":[73],"enhance":[74],"performance":[76],"conventional":[79],"SMC-PHD":[80],"we":[82,100,111],"propose":[83,112],"this":[85],"paper":[86],"two":[87],"using":[89],"cubature":[91],"information":[92],"filter":[93],"(CIF)":[94],"for":[95],"tracking.":[97],"More":[98],"specifically,":[99],"first":[101],"apply":[102],"posterior":[104],"intensity":[105],"IS":[108,125,158],"function.":[109],"Then,":[110],"utilize":[114],"CIF":[116],"algorithm":[117],"with":[118],"gating":[120],"method":[121],"calculate":[123],"namely":[127],"CISMC-PHD":[128,136,173],"approach.":[129],"Meanwhile,":[130],"fast":[132],"implementation":[133],"approach":[137,174],"proposed,":[139],"clusters":[141],"particles":[143],"into":[144],"groups":[146],"according":[147],"Gaussian":[150],"mixture":[151],"components.":[152],"With":[153],"constructed":[155],"components,":[156],"function":[159],"approximated":[161],"instead":[162],"particles.":[164],"As":[165],"result,":[167],"computational":[169],"complexity":[170],"can":[175],"be":[176],"significantly":[177],"reduced.":[178],"The":[179],"simulation":[180],"results":[181],"demonstrate":[182],"effectiveness":[184],"our":[186],"approaches.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
