{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345833724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050631","title":"Automatic Recognition of Aggressive Behavior in Pigs Using a Kinect Depth Sensor","display_name":"Automatic Recognition of Aggressive Behavior in Pigs Using a Kinect Depth Sensor","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345833724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050631","mag":"2345833724","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27144572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/631/pdf?version=1462181871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/631/pdf?version=1462181871","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030066142","display_name":"Jonguk Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-4850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonguk Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Sejong City 30019, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-4850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Sejong City 30019, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100703636","display_name":"Long Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-5098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086566","display_name":"Ctrip","ror":"https://ror.org/003k32q32","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086566"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ctrip Co., 99 Fu Quan Road, IT Security Center, Shanghai 200335, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ctrip Co., 99 Fu Quan Road, IT Security Center, Shanghai 200335, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644684","display_name":"Daihee Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4726-4508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daihee Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Sejong City 30019, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Sejong City 30019, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027594674","display_name":"Yongwha Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6539-167X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongwha Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Sejong City 30019, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Sejong City 30019, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027594674","https://openalex.org/A5100644684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":19.0929,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":157,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99701073,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"631","last_page":"631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.9466000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47350671887397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4552624523639679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41361016035079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.33703285455703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2938515543937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47350671887397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4552624523639679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41361016035079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33703285455703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2938515543937683}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000374","descriptor_name":"Aggression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000374","descriptor_name":"Aggression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000374","descriptor_name":"Aggression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000822","descriptor_name":"Animal Husbandry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000822","descriptor_name":"Animal Husbandry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000822","descriptor_name":"Animal Husbandry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034421","descriptor_name":"Sus scrofa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034421","descriptor_name":"Sus scrofa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034421","descriptor_name":"Sus scrofa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/631/pdf?version=1462181871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27144572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27144572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b96d787c305c46668167fef6d2fd2afb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b96d787c305c46668167fef6d2fd2afb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 631 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3848287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4883322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/5/631/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16050631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 5; Pages: 631","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16050631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/631/pdf?version=1462181871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2345833724.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2345833724.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45185620","https://openalex.org/W1554358528","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1565320074","https://openalex.org/W1964776048","https://openalex.org/W1989665047","https://openalex.org/W2021010119","https://openalex.org/W2031706718","https://openalex.org/W2040029827","https://openalex.org/W2040602591","https://openalex.org/W2042457975","https://openalex.org/W2059807472","https://openalex.org/W2073855014","https://openalex.org/W2076656703","https://openalex.org/W2080081812","https://openalex.org/W2099000909","https://openalex.org/W2100579865","https://openalex.org/W2105153463","https://openalex.org/W2116272448","https://openalex.org/W2132985428","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2151047074","https://openalex.org/W2160277634","https://openalex.org/W2162415752","https://openalex.org/W2170736010","https://openalex.org/W2192139198","https://openalex.org/W2248556110","https://openalex.org/W2322925088","https://openalex.org/W2337673319","https://openalex.org/W2341309802","https://openalex.org/W6669567902","https://openalex.org/W6678529671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aggression":[0],"among":[1],"pigs":[2],"adversely":[3],"affects":[4],"economic":[5],"returns":[6],"and":[7,57,74,86,113,116,121],"animal":[8],"welfare":[9],"in":[10,35,52,67,102],"intensive":[11],"pigsties.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14,93],"study,":[15],"we":[16],"developed":[17],"a":[18,27,36,53,68,108,126],"non-invasive,":[19],"inexpensive,":[20],"automatic":[21],"monitoring":[22],"prototype":[23],"system":[24],"that":[25,92],"uses":[26],"Kinect":[28,48,110],"depth":[29,49,111],"sensor":[30],"to":[31,130],"recognize":[32],"aggressive":[33,72,78,99],"behavior":[34],"commercial":[37],"pigpen.":[38],"The":[39,55],"method":[40,94],"begins":[41],"by":[42],"extracting":[43],"activity":[44],"features":[45],"from":[46],"the":[47],"information":[50],"obtained":[51],"pigsty.":[54],"detection":[56],"classification":[58,117],"module,":[59],"which":[60],"employs":[61],"two":[62],"binary-classifier":[63],"support":[64],"vector":[65],"machines":[66],"hierarchical":[69],"manner,":[70],"detects":[71],"activity,":[73],"classifies":[75],"it":[76],"into":[77],"sub-types":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81,125],"head-to-head":[82],"(or":[83],"body)":[84],"knocking":[85],"chasing.":[87],"Our":[88],"experimental":[89],"results":[90],"showed":[91],"is":[95],"effective":[96],"for":[97],"detecting":[98],"pig":[100],"behaviors":[101],"terms":[103],"of":[104],"both":[105],"cost-effectiveness":[106],"(using":[107],"low-cost":[109],"sensor)":[112],"accuracy":[114],"(detection":[115],"accuracies":[118],"over":[119],"95.7%":[120],"90.2%,":[122],"respectively),":[123],"either":[124],"standalone":[127],"solution":[128],"or":[129],"complement":[131],"existing":[132],"methods.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}