{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2326824922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040494","title":"Accelerating Spaceborne SAR Imaging Using Multiple CPU/GPU Deep Collaborative Computing","display_name":"Accelerating Spaceborne SAR Imaging Using Multiple CPU/GPU Deep Collaborative Computing","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2326824922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040494","mag":"2326824922","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27070606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16040494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/4/494/pdf?version=1460021157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/4/494/pdf?version=1460021157","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100690860","display_name":"Fan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-2373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-2373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696677","display_name":"Guojun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-7047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317994","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-7335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727080","display_name":"Wei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-783X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678186","display_name":"Yuxin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100690860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":55.1916,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99517072,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"494","last_page":"494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8581206798553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6370263695716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.605412483215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4659809470176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.4621281325817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.4386184811592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-core","display_name":"Single-core","score":0.4168427884578705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.41396617889404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.38319334387779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33108025789260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.31181472539901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.2352544069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.09000927209854126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8581206798553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6370263695716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.605412483215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4659809470176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.4621281325817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4386184811592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047934","display_name":"Single-core","level":2,"score":0.4168427884578705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.41396617889404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.38319334387779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33108025789260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.31181472539901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.2352544069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.09000927209854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16040494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/4/494/pdf?version=1460021157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27070606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27070606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b4c4079b8dc42bbb009a6cd41f200f7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b4c4079b8dc42bbb009a6cd41f200f7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 494 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/4/494/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16040494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 4; Pages: 494","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4851008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4851008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16040494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/4/494/pdf?version=1460021157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3353119307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4587850335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YETP0500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335442","funder_display_name":"Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6501339799","display_name":"\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u9065\u611f\u5f71\u50cf\u5206\u7c7b\u82e5\u5e72\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7788673064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YS1404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335442","display_name":"Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2326824922.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2326824922.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W357677209","https://openalex.org/W927187860","https://openalex.org/W1538052383","https://openalex.org/W1601021541","https://openalex.org/W1969011366","https://openalex.org/W1972547624","https://openalex.org/W1974573565","https://openalex.org/W1977992329","https://openalex.org/W1983817599","https://openalex.org/W1996848267","https://openalex.org/W2022915229","https://openalex.org/W2032980190","https://openalex.org/W2042157555","https://openalex.org/W2068281797","https://openalex.org/W2069279860","https://openalex.org/W2074922020","https://openalex.org/W2090268225","https://openalex.org/W2096003637","https://openalex.org/W2107203263","https://openalex.org/W2110342540","https://openalex.org/W2114152188","https://openalex.org/W2116540125","https://openalex.org/W2117526071","https://openalex.org/W2118134604","https://openalex.org/W2120024360","https://openalex.org/W2123076401","https://openalex.org/W2125236027","https://openalex.org/W2129869384","https://openalex.org/W2135277117","https://openalex.org/W2136944230","https://openalex.org/W2138038546","https://openalex.org/W2141631790","https://openalex.org/W2148564786","https://openalex.org/W2151108265","https://openalex.org/W2158614875","https://openalex.org/W2158711754","https://openalex.org/W2160821336","https://openalex.org/W2325032990","https://openalex.org/W2357084115","https://openalex.org/W2385025714","https://openalex.org/W2537370581","https://openalex.org/W2547979425","https://openalex.org/W3147308661","https://openalex.org/W6676338480","https://openalex.org/W6677214698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142016460","https://openalex.org/W1972148443","https://openalex.org/W2061938028","https://openalex.org/W2473478803","https://openalex.org/W2151223307","https://openalex.org/W3041000698","https://openalex.org/W2729363167","https://openalex.org/W2406856881","https://openalex.org/W2085485158","https://openalex.org/W2276000909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,12,39,44,68,77,108,115,128,134,144,154,160,191,198,211,216,220],"development":[2],"of":[3,15,80,130,162,174,200],"synthetic":[4],"aperture":[5],"radar":[6],"(SAR)":[7],"technologies":[8],"in":[9,214],"recent":[10],"years,":[11],"huge":[13],"amount":[14],"remote":[16],"sensing":[17],"data":[18,73,167,222],"brings":[19],"challenges":[20],"for":[21,149,153],"real-time":[22,104,212],"imaging":[23,48,94,195,202,213,217],"processing.":[24],"Therefore,":[25],"high":[26],"performance":[27],"computing":[28,78],"(HPC)":[29],"methods":[30],"have":[31],"been":[32],"presented":[33],"to":[34,53,66,102],"accelerate":[35,54],"SAR":[36,93,105,201],"imaging,":[37,133,157],"especially":[38],"GPU":[40,46,50,155],"based":[41,47,96],"methods.":[42],"In":[43,86,127],"classical":[45],"algorithm,":[49],"is":[51,63,82,100,140],"employed":[52],"image":[55,117],"processing":[56],"by":[57,206],"massive":[58],"parallel":[59,132,147,156,182],"computing,":[60],"and":[61,84,112,165,184,209],"CPU":[62,81,131,146,205],"only":[64,159],"used":[65],"perform":[67],"auxiliary":[69],"work":[70],"such":[71,179],"as":[72,180],"input/output":[74],"(IO).":[75],"However,":[76],"capability":[79],"ignored":[83],"underestimated.":[85],"this":[87],"work,":[88],"a":[89],"new":[90],"deep":[91,122,192],"collaborative":[92,123,194],"method":[95,139,148,196],"on":[97,203],"multiple":[98,124],"CPU/GPU":[99,125,193],"proposed":[101,109],"achieve":[103],"imaging.":[106],"Through":[107],"tasks":[110],"partitioning":[111],"scheduling":[113],"strategy,":[114],"whole":[116],"can":[118],"be":[119],"generated":[120],"with":[121],"computing.":[126],"part":[129],"advanced":[135],"vector":[136],"extension":[137],"(AVX)":[138],"firstly":[141],"introduced":[142],"into":[143],"multi-core":[145],"higher":[150],"efficiency.":[151],"As":[152],"not":[158],"bottlenecks":[161],"memory":[163],"limitation":[164],"frequent":[166],"transferring":[168],"are":[169,177],"broken,":[170],"but":[171],"also":[172],"kinds":[173],"optimized":[175],"strategies":[176],"applied,":[178],"streaming,":[181],"pipeline":[183],"so":[185],"on.":[186],"Experimental":[187],"results":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"that":[190,215],"enhances":[197],"efficiency":[199],"single-core":[204],"270":[207],"times":[208],"realizes":[210],"rate":[218],"outperforms":[219],"raw":[221],"generation":[223],"rate.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
