{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2311157710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040441","title":"Penetration Depth Measurement of Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Light for Milk Powder","display_name":"Penetration Depth Measurement of Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Light for Milk Powder","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2311157710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040441","mag":"2311157710","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27023555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16040441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040441","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/4/441/pdf?version=1458898391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/4/441/pdf?version=1458898391","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042099785","display_name":"Min Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-4710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087572724","display_name":"Moon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091344498","display_name":"Kuanglin Chao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-2708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuanglin Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012086743","display_name":"Jianwei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-4373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076664056","display_name":"Changyeun Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-5978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800443534","display_name":"Rural Development Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03xs9yg50","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800443534","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210090853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyeun Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, 310 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wansan-gu, Jueonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, 310 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wansan-gu, Jueonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800443534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026226632","display_name":"Carlos Esquerre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-1522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["IE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Esquerre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food Quality, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food Quality, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068184625","display_name":"Stephen R. Delwiche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-9012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Delwiche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food Quality, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food Quality, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011899228","display_name":"Qibing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5685-5786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qibing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087572724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I4210125976"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.0748,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89789481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"441","last_page":"441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13871","display_name":"Melamine detection and toxicity","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8659107685089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melamine","display_name":"Melamine","score":0.8550261855125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.6142175197601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6112446784973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration-depth","display_name":"Penetration depth","score":0.5283939242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.47753846645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.44194936752319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-science","display_name":"Food science","score":0.3686755895614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.33692610263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.28824812173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.2751729190349579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.22858789563179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19630557298660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.1910003423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1887371838092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08024561405181885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8659107685089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775979504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212553","display_name":"Melamine","level":2,"score":0.8550261855125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43571822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599037","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.6142175197601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6112446784973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193493375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306232","display_name":"Penetration depth","level":2,"score":0.5283939242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.47753846645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.44194936752319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3686755895614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.33692610263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.28824812173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.2751729190349579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22858789563179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19630557298660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1910003423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1887371838092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08024561405181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005504","descriptor_name":"Food Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005504","descriptor_name":"Food Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005504","descriptor_name":"Food Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007259","descriptor_name":"Infrared Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007259","descriptor_name":"Infrared Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007259","descriptor_name":"Infrared Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008892","descriptor_name":"Milk","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011208","descriptor_name":"Powders","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011208","descriptor_name":"Powders","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011208","descriptor_name":"Powders","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014227","descriptor_name":"Triazines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014227","descriptor_name":"Triazines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014227","descriptor_name":"Triazines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16040441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040441","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/4/441/pdf?version=1458898391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27023555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27023555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:966cd8b237d140e99b3cd21ac7e5953f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/966cd8b237d140e99b3cd21ac7e5953f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 441 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/4/441/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16040441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 4; Pages: 441","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4850955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4850955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16040441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040441","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/4/441/pdf?version=1458898391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322035","display_name":"Rural Development Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03xs9yg50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332605","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2311157710.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2311157710.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964383128","https://openalex.org/W1972703100","https://openalex.org/W1983868691","https://openalex.org/W1992483596","https://openalex.org/W1994614480","https://openalex.org/W2002481752","https://openalex.org/W2005841234","https://openalex.org/W2006320365","https://openalex.org/W2007718663","https://openalex.org/W2012358846","https://openalex.org/W2020225092","https://openalex.org/W2023781246","https://openalex.org/W2024277145","https://openalex.org/W2026622163","https://openalex.org/W2040609939","https://openalex.org/W2045540557","https://openalex.org/W2055702453","https://openalex.org/W2056090446","https://openalex.org/W2069516115","https://openalex.org/W2088956544","https://openalex.org/W2090416506","https://openalex.org/W2090956113","https://openalex.org/W2133523030","https://openalex.org/W2160480165","https://openalex.org/W2164583936","https://openalex.org/W4234549270","https://openalex.org/W6662101596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567104797","https://openalex.org/W2561898256","https://openalex.org/W2027292372","https://openalex.org/W2988748530","https://openalex.org/W2046744435","https://openalex.org/W3158648238","https://openalex.org/W3115262167","https://openalex.org/W2085256839","https://openalex.org/W2022998555","https://openalex.org/W2013956982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,158,220],"increasingly":[1],"common":[2],"application":[3],"of":[4,14,25,35,39,63,70,92,96,102,127,144,173,233],"the":[5,12,20,33,90,103,106,113,120,128,161,169,174,188,197,231],"near-infrared":[6],"(NIR)":[7],"hyperspectral":[8,41,240],"imaging":[9,42,241],"technique":[10,134],"to":[11,19,98,135,185,201,211,244],"analysis":[13,132],"food":[15],"powders":[16,235],"has":[17],"led":[18],"need":[21],"for":[22,44,53,177,230],"optical":[23],"characterization":[24],"samples.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"was":[29,110,123,155,180],"aimed":[30],"at":[31],"exploring":[32],"feasibility":[34],"quantifying":[36],"penetration":[37,121],"depth":[38,122,190,199,227],"NIR":[40,48,114,239],"light":[43],"milk":[45,56,65,72,76,145,150,189,198,234],"powder.":[46,73],"Hyperspectral":[47],"reflectance":[49,115],"images":[50],"were":[51,87],"collected":[52],"eight":[54],"different":[55,79],"powder":[57,66,80],"products":[58],"that":[59,168,223,245],"included":[60],"five":[61,78],"brands":[62,69],"non-fat":[64],"and":[67,119,146,164,204,217],"three":[68],"whole":[71],"For":[74],"each":[75],"powder,":[77],"depths":[81],"ranging":[82],"from":[83,160,182,192],"1":[84,193],"mm-5":[85],"mm":[86,203],"prepared":[88],"on":[89],"top":[91],"a":[93,142,224],"base":[94],"layer":[95],"melamine,":[97],"test":[99],"spectral-based":[100],"detection":[101],"melamine":[104],"through":[105],"milk.":[107],"A":[108],"relationship":[109],"established":[111],"between":[112],"spectra":[116],"(937.5-1653.7":[117],"nm)":[118],"investigated":[124],"by":[125],"means":[126],"partial":[129],"least":[130],"squares-discriminant":[131],"(PLS-DA)":[133],"classify":[136],"pixels":[137],"as":[138,187,213,215],"being":[139],"milk-only":[140],"or":[141],"mixture":[143],"melamine.":[147],"With":[148],"increasing":[149],"depth,":[151],"classification":[152,171],"model":[153,207],"accuracy":[154,172],"gradually":[156],"decreased.":[157],"results":[159,221],"1-mm,":[162],"2-mm":[163,225],"3-mm":[165],"models":[166],"showed":[167],"average":[170],"validation":[175],"set":[176],"milk-melamine":[178],"samples":[179],"reduced":[181],"99.86%":[183],"down":[184],"94.93%":[186],"increased":[191,200],"mm-3":[194],"mm.":[195],"As":[196],"4":[202],"5":[205],"mm,":[206],"performance":[208],"deteriorated":[209],"further":[210],"accuracies":[212],"low":[214],"81.83%":[216],"58.26%,":[218],"respectively.":[219],"suggest":[222],"sample":[226],"is":[228],"recommended":[229],"screening/evaluation":[232],"using":[236],"an":[237],"online":[238],"system":[242],"similar":[243],"used":[246],"in":[247],"this":[248],"study.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}