{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2302022346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030406","title":"Designing Mobile Applications for Emergency Response: Citizens Acting as Human Sensors","display_name":"Designing Mobile Applications for Emergency Response: Citizens Acting as Human Sensors","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2302022346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030406","mag":"2302022346","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27007375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030406","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/406/pdf?version=1458371450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/406/pdf?version=1458371450","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030848472","display_name":"Marco Romano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8581-3160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Romano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023928176","display_name":"Teresa Onorati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-249X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Onorati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028873372","display_name":"Ignacio Aedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio Aedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082098221","display_name":"Paloma D\u0131\u0301az","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9493-7739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paloma Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030848472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.767,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9524503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"406","last_page":"406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-response","display_name":"Emergency response","score":0.5941189527511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4433681070804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-response","display_name":"Disaster response","score":0.4293730556964874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3781755864620209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37691178917884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.32302796840667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-management","display_name":"Emergency management","score":0.30181485414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.19188815355300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1590293049812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13351425528526306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017997152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814610","display_name":"Emergency response","level":2,"score":0.5941189527511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4433681070804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018653863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281355","display_name":"Disaster response","level":3,"score":0.4293730556964874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3781755864620209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37691178917884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32302796840667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.30181485414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.19188815355300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1590293049812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13351425528526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030406","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/406/pdf?version=1458371450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27007375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27007375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::4e1868a427fe545d0f39d34a5615238a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/27954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c9c53237158a4d868c3b90afec3f38f3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9c53237158a4d868c3b90afec3f38f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 406 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3792469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4813981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/3/406/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16030406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 3; Pages: 406","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030406","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/406/pdf?version=1458371450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2302022346.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2302022346.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93035297","https://openalex.org/W124349154","https://openalex.org/W142037093","https://openalex.org/W1537207871","https://openalex.org/W1570908156","https://openalex.org/W1591025541","https://openalex.org/W1966960384","https://openalex.org/W1974029860","https://openalex.org/W1995035043","https://openalex.org/W1997329334","https://openalex.org/W2017120277","https://openalex.org/W2025661755","https://openalex.org/W2050237388","https://openalex.org/W2081212507","https://openalex.org/W2093310734","https://openalex.org/W2096166601","https://openalex.org/W2118767806","https://openalex.org/W2120571425","https://openalex.org/W2130673724","https://openalex.org/W2145925763","https://openalex.org/W2498503053","https://openalex.org/W3038078520","https://openalex.org/W4214717280","https://openalex.org/W6656779940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2505594940","https://openalex.org/W4213141119","https://openalex.org/W2366534746","https://openalex.org/W2336998621","https://openalex.org/W2338775065","https://openalex.org/W2143915709","https://openalex.org/W93111763","https://openalex.org/W2394422641","https://openalex.org/W2578808763","https://openalex.org/W2354984922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"an":[1],"emergency":[2,87,148,166,241],"occurs,":[3],"citizens":[4],"can":[5,26,77],"be":[6],"a":[7,22,96,113,130,193,196,206,214,218,225,231],"helpful":[8],"support":[9],"for":[10,103,121,186,243,267,279],"the":[11,16,40,175,183,200,222,228,234,248,251,260,284,290,294],"operation":[12],"centers":[13],"involved":[14],"in":[15,99,136,144,227,283,289],"response":[17],"activities.":[18],"As":[19],"witnesses":[20],"to":[21,39,47,154,160,213],"crisis,":[23],"they":[24],"initially":[25],"share":[27],"updated":[28],"and":[29,49,54,89,91,125,139,146,163,182,195,270],"detailed":[30],"information":[31,53],"about":[32,116,158,247],"what":[33],"is":[34,153],"going":[35],"on.":[36],"Moreover,":[37,273],"thanks":[38],"current":[41],"technological":[42],"evolution":[43],"people":[44],"are":[45],"able":[46],"quickly":[48],"easily":[50],"gather":[51],"rich":[52],"transmit":[55],"it":[56],"through":[57],"different":[58],"communication":[59],"channels.":[60],"Indeed,":[61],"modern":[62,179],"mobile":[63,165,180],"devices":[64,181],"embed":[65],"several":[66,156,276],"sensors":[67,177],"such":[68],"as":[69,209,211,287],"GPS":[70],"receivers,":[71],"Wi-Fi,":[72],"accelerometers":[73],"or":[74],"cameras":[75],"that":[76,263],"transform":[78],"users":[79],"into":[80],"well-equipped":[81],"human":[82],"sensors.":[83],"For":[84,169,233],"these":[85],"reasons,":[86],"organizations":[88],"small":[90],"medium":[92],"enterprises":[93],"have":[94,173,204,238,266],"demonstrated":[95],"growing":[97],"interest":[98],"developing":[100,145],"smart":[101],"applications":[102,120],"reporting":[104],"any":[105],"exceptional":[106],"circumstances.":[107],"In":[108,199],"this":[109,117,137,170,256],"paper,":[110],"we":[111,172,203,237,274],"present":[112],"practical":[114,194,201],"study":[115,131],"kind":[118],"of":[119,132,178,192,230,250,293],"identifying":[122],"both":[123,268],"limitations":[124],"common":[126],"features.":[127],"Based":[128],"on":[129,221],"relevant":[133],"existent":[134],"contributions":[135],"area":[138],"our":[140,151],"personal":[141],"direct":[142],"experience":[143],"evaluating":[147],"management":[149],"solutions,":[150],"aim":[152],"propose":[155],"findings":[157,277],"how":[159],"design":[161,281],"effective":[162],"efficient":[164],"notification":[167],"applications.":[168],"purpose":[171],"exploited":[174],"basic":[176],"users'":[184],"aptitude":[185],"using":[187],"them.":[188],"The":[189],"evaluation":[190,257],"consists":[191],"theoretical":[197,235],"part.":[198],"part,":[202,236],"simulated":[205],"traffic":[207],"accident":[208],"closely":[210],"possible":[212],"real":[215],"scenario,":[216],"with":[217],"victim":[219],"lying":[220],"ground":[223],"near":[224],"car":[226],"middle":[229],"street.":[232],"interviewed":[239],"some":[240],"experts":[242],"collecting":[244],"their":[245],"opinions":[246],"utility":[249],"proposed":[252,295],"solution.":[253],"Results":[254],"from":[255],"phase":[258],"confirm":[259],"positive":[261],"impact":[262],"EN":[264],"application":[265],"operators'":[269],"citizens'":[271],"perspective.":[272],"collected":[275],"useful":[278],"future":[280],"challenges":[282],"same":[285],"area,":[286],"shown":[288],"final":[291],"redesign":[292],"application.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}