{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2295638584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030345","title":"Performance Analysis of Motion-Sensor Behavior for User Authentication on Smartphones","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Motion-Sensor Behavior for User Authentication on Smartphones","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2295638584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030345","mag":"2295638584","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27005626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/345/pdf?version=1457518361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/345/pdf?version=1457518361","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843177","display_name":"Chao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-5529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029576574","display_name":"Tianwen Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianwen Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109422290","display_name":"Sheng Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7495-7070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101491287","display_name":"Yunpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-6596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075845093","display_name":"Xiaohong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101843177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":13.8614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98632125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"345","last_page":"345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-sensors","display_name":"Motion sensors","score":0.585297703742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5638801455497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5327873826026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5187009572982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4032742381095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3775310516357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3723057508468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34242379665374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.31959298253059387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986565385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852453","display_name":"Motion sensors","level":2,"score":0.585297703742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5638801455497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5327873826026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5187009572982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4032742381095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3775310516357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3723057508468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34242379665374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.31959298253059387}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/345/pdf?version=1457518361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27005626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27005626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d26bd3ab38a843c48e9e4115bfb74631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d26bd3ab38a843c48e9e4115bfb74631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 345 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3792408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4813920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/3/345/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16030345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 3; Pages: 345","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/345/pdf?version=1457518361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2796034236","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xjj2015115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3937309767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014M560783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5116378769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61221063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661625202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015JQ6216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6968888324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61403301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295638584.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295638584.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87400274","https://openalex.org/W168503743","https://openalex.org/W776418363","https://openalex.org/W1526773826","https://openalex.org/W1548125220","https://openalex.org/W1626992774","https://openalex.org/W1907578970","https://openalex.org/W1989329630","https://openalex.org/W2000275092","https://openalex.org/W2028849308","https://openalex.org/W2038790378","https://openalex.org/W2045638068","https://openalex.org/W2048755632","https://openalex.org/W2054352220","https://openalex.org/W2058308744","https://openalex.org/W2062273853","https://openalex.org/W2064376060","https://openalex.org/W2069725995","https://openalex.org/W2076804129","https://openalex.org/W2090465075","https://openalex.org/W2096674847","https://openalex.org/W2111397260","https://openalex.org/W2113925088","https://openalex.org/W2119352075","https://openalex.org/W2122044789","https://openalex.org/W2126453598","https://openalex.org/W2144862309","https://openalex.org/W2153417333","https://openalex.org/W2159756799","https://openalex.org/W2163582782","https://openalex.org/W2165695298","https://openalex.org/W2170085298","https://openalex.org/W2174113119","https://openalex.org/W2202744952","https://openalex.org/W2218307818","https://openalex.org/W2240265389","https://openalex.org/W2293480925","https://openalex.org/W2395887656","https://openalex.org/W3004623877","https://openalex.org/W6636759762","https://openalex.org/W6639689704","https://openalex.org/W6663776826","https://openalex.org/W6682388183","https://openalex.org/W6683615901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386051551","https://openalex.org/W2725946685","https://openalex.org/W2162444339","https://openalex.org/W1978523381","https://openalex.org/W3113202153","https://openalex.org/W2525532210","https://openalex.org/W1774352867","https://openalex.org/W2035558540","https://openalex.org/W1557314669","https://openalex.org/W2565599260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,169],"growing":[1],"trend":[2],"of":[3,33,46,67,103,113,122,128,151,183],"using":[4,34,87],"smartphones":[5],"as":[6],"personal":[7],"computing":[8],"platforms":[9],"to":[10,56,76,109,136,142,149,157,162,197],"access":[11],"and":[12,22,31,59,64,100,124,153,167,180],"store":[13],"private":[14],"information":[15],"has":[16],"stressed":[17],"the":[18,29,47,77,111,114,165],"demand":[19],"for":[20,38,62,80,187],"secure":[21],"usable":[23],"authentication":[24,40,178,189],"mechanisms.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"investigates":[28],"feasibility":[30],"applicability":[32],"motion-sensor":[35],"behavior":[36],"data":[37,50,88,174],"user":[39,82],"on":[41,132,190],"smartphones.":[42,104,191],"For":[43],"each":[44],"sample":[45,144],"passcode,":[48],"sensory":[49,173],"from":[51,89],"motion":[52],"sensors":[53],"are":[54,74,85,107],"analyzed":[55],"extract":[57],"descriptive":[58],"intensive":[60],"features":[61],"accurate":[63],"fine-grained":[65],"characterization":[66],"users'":[68],"passcode-input":[69],"actions.":[70],"One-class":[71],"learning":[72],"methods":[73],"applied":[75],"feature":[78],"space":[79],"performing":[81],"authentication.":[83],"Analyses":[84],"conducted":[86],"48":[90],"participants":[91],"with":[92,134,140,147,155],"129,621":[93],"passcode":[94,137],"samples":[95],"across":[96],"various":[97],"operational":[98],"scenarios":[99],"different":[101],"types":[102],"Extensive":[105],"experiments":[106,131],"included":[108],"examine":[110],"efficacy":[112],"proposed":[115],"approach,":[116],"which":[117],"achieves":[118],"a":[119,125],"false-rejection":[120],"rate":[121,127],"6.85%":[123],"false-acceptance":[126],"5.01%.":[129],"Additional":[130],"usability":[133],"respect":[135,141,148,156],"length,":[138],"sensitivity":[139],"training":[143],"size,":[145],"scalability":[146],"number":[150],"users,":[152],"flexibility":[154],"screen":[158],"size":[159],"were":[160],"provided":[161],"further":[163],"explore":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"practicability.":[168],"results":[170],"suggest":[171],"that":[172],"could":[175],"provide":[176],"useful":[177],"information,":[179],"this":[181],"level":[182],"performance":[184],"approaches":[185],"sufficiency":[186],"two-factor":[188],"Our":[192],"dataset":[193],"is":[194],"publicly":[195],"available":[196],"facilitate":[198],"future":[199],"research.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}