{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2296322556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030342","title":"Improving Pulse Rate Measurements during Random Motion Using a Wearable Multichannel Reflectance Photoplethysmograph","display_name":"Improving Pulse Rate Measurements during Random Motion Using a Wearable Multichannel Reflectance Photoplethysmograph","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2296322556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030342","mag":"2296322556","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26959034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/342/pdf?version=1457337473","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/342/pdf?version=1457337473","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003247769","display_name":"Kristen Warren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-0866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen Warren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-0866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013145786","display_name":"Joshua S. Harvey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1342-9100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Harvey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032573836","display_name":"Ki H. Chon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-4837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki Chon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081560700","display_name":"Yitzhak Mendelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-5517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yitzhak Mendelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081560700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.4116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92127901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"342","last_page":"342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.8510869741439819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6607468128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6300289630889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5923937559127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5577413439750671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5222988128662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5007855892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.4930970370769501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14247950911521912}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.8510869741439819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6607468128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6300289630889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5923937559127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5577413439750671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5222988128662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5007855892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.4930970370769501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14247950911521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/342/pdf?version=1457337473","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26959034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26959034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bd6fb7952404dbb9a284b61f8eb0483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bd6fb7952404dbb9a284b61f8eb0483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 342 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3792405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4813917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/3/342/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16030342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 3; Pages: 342","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16030342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/342/pdf?version=1457337473","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2296322556.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162142922","https://openalex.org/W1599055254","https://openalex.org/W2013674931","https://openalex.org/W2018997632","https://openalex.org/W2030134993","https://openalex.org/W2033577462","https://openalex.org/W2042388577","https://openalex.org/W2049755262","https://openalex.org/W2050755789","https://openalex.org/W2053277433","https://openalex.org/W2080490304","https://openalex.org/W2091375372","https://openalex.org/W2101394537","https://openalex.org/W2103675325","https://openalex.org/W2107994016","https://openalex.org/W2108455549","https://openalex.org/W2109125512","https://openalex.org/W2117987876","https://openalex.org/W2120495964","https://openalex.org/W2129025439","https://openalex.org/W2141505181","https://openalex.org/W2152651228","https://openalex.org/W2155589764","https://openalex.org/W2156513500","https://openalex.org/W2168688029","https://openalex.org/W2204117563","https://openalex.org/W2316549070","https://openalex.org/W2545992458","https://openalex.org/W6657722967","https://openalex.org/W6663052992","https://openalex.org/W6683389390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W1540261775","https://openalex.org/W4200107443","https://openalex.org/W4239033438","https://openalex.org/W1968279762","https://openalex.org/W2905091233","https://openalex.org/W2348795485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photoplethysmographic":[0],"(PPG)":[1],"waveforms":[2,17,147],"are":[3,18],"used":[4],"to":[5,21,54,98,118,165,174,199],"acquire":[6,45],"pulse":[7],"rate":[8],"(PR)":[9],"measurements":[10,30,159,181],"from":[11,203],"pulsatile":[12],"arterial":[13],"blood":[14],"volume.":[15],"PPG":[16,146,225],"highly":[19],"susceptible":[20],"motion":[22,57,80,96,119,131,151,188],"artifacts":[23],"(MA),":[24],"limiting":[25],"the":[26,66,91,94,122,155,169,193,200,213,223],"implementation":[27],"of":[28,68,78,112,130,145,157,179,212],"PR":[29,100,136,158,180,202],"in":[31,56,128],"mobile":[32],"physiological":[33],"monitoring":[34],"devices.":[35],"Previous":[36],"studies":[37],"have":[38,139],"shown":[39],"that":[40,89,107,154],"multichannel":[41,71,86,123,194,224],"photoplethysmograms":[42],"can":[43],"successfully":[44],"diverse":[46],"signal":[47,133,215],"information":[48],"during":[49,187],"simple,":[50],"repetitive":[51],"motion,":[52,114],"leading":[53],"differences":[55],"tolerance":[58],"across":[59],"channels.":[60,176,205],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64],"investigate":[65],"performance":[67],"a":[69,76,109],"custom-built":[70],"forehead-mounted":[72],"photoplethysmographic":[73],"sensor":[74],"under":[75],"variety":[77,111],"intense":[79],"artifacts.":[81],"We":[82,105,138],"introduce":[83],"an":[84],"advanced":[85],"template-matching":[87],"algorithm":[88,171,196,208],"chooses":[90],"channel":[92,217],"with":[93,182],"least":[95],"artifact":[97],"calculate":[99],"for":[101,108],"each":[102,219],"time":[103,220],"instant.":[104],"show":[106,153],"wide":[110],"random":[113,150],"channels":[115],"respond":[116],"differently":[117],"artifacts,":[120],"and":[121,135,152],"estimate":[124],"outperforms":[125],"single-channel":[126],"estimates":[127],"terms":[129],"tolerance,":[132],"quality,":[134],"errors.":[137],"acquired":[140],"31":[141],"data":[142],"sets":[143],"consisting":[144],"corrupted":[148],"by":[149,163,190],"accuracy":[156],"achieved":[160],"was":[161,172,197],"increased":[162,189],"up":[164],"2.7":[166],"bpm":[167,186],"when":[168,192],"multichannel-switching":[170],"compared":[173,198],"individual":[175],"The":[177],"percentage":[178],"error":[183],"\u2264":[184],"5":[185],"18.9%":[191],"switching":[195],"mean":[201],"all":[204],"Moreover,":[206],"our":[207],"enables":[209],"automatic":[210],"selection":[211],"best":[214],"fidelity":[216],"at":[218],"point":[221],"among":[222],"data.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}