{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2225187959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010064","title":"Performance Evaluation of Target Detection with a Near-Space Vehicle-Borne Radar in Blackout Condition","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of Target Detection with a Near-Space Vehicle-Borne Radar in Blackout Condition","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2225187959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010064","mag":"2225187959","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26751445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16010064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010064","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/64/pdf?version=1452151590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/64/pdf?version=1452151590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100718347","display_name":"Yanpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-0001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331131","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-6505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757637","display_name":"Hongqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-9552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018318591","display_name":"Bin Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-3469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064708750","display_name":"Yuliang Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-1294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 137 Yanwachi Street, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100718347"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.5187,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9693953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"64","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackout","display_name":"Blackout","score":0.9212169647216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.638758659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6360734701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5699211359024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.46828123927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.45867639780044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38531437516212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.32669273018836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28350624442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2018393576145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.09601801633834839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359099","display_name":"Blackout","level":4,"score":0.9212169647216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.638758659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6360734701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5699211359024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.46828123927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.45867639780044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38531437516212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.32669273018836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28350624442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2018393576145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.09601801633834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16010064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010064","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/64/pdf?version=1452151590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26751445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26751445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:752106c2fc7d46b2900ba65a496063a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/752106c2fc7d46b2900ba65a496063a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 64 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/1/64/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16010064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 1; Pages: 64","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4732097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4732097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16010064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010064","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/64/pdf?version=1452151590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6716474054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61302148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7841774500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2225187959.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2225187959.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190580132","https://openalex.org/W1932226867","https://openalex.org/W1965582496","https://openalex.org/W1966066897","https://openalex.org/W1973795052","https://openalex.org/W1975718829","https://openalex.org/W1979527832","https://openalex.org/W1988623713","https://openalex.org/W1991475558","https://openalex.org/W2016842080","https://openalex.org/W2019874301","https://openalex.org/W2031061146","https://openalex.org/W2069127907","https://openalex.org/W2086329727","https://openalex.org/W2100647215","https://openalex.org/W2106698173","https://openalex.org/W2108921005","https://openalex.org/W2128591006","https://openalex.org/W2171278249","https://openalex.org/W2171587954","https://openalex.org/W2314405607","https://openalex.org/W2360431433","https://openalex.org/W2545317028","https://openalex.org/W3148892937","https://openalex.org/W6640655033","https://openalex.org/W6647557667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541651390","https://openalex.org/W2362501786","https://openalex.org/W2056229749","https://openalex.org/W2369265009","https://openalex.org/W1970209698","https://openalex.org/W1563793854","https://openalex.org/W2393075332","https://openalex.org/W645569327","https://openalex.org/W2393240891","https://openalex.org/W1970912181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radar":[0],"is":[1,13,71],"a":[2,14,18,38,50,83,116,189],"very":[3,180],"important":[4],"sensor":[5],"in":[6,78,114,182,188],"surveillance":[7],"applications.":[8],"Near-space":[9],"vehicle-borne":[10],"radar":[11,19],"(NSVBR)":[12],"novel":[15],"installation":[16],"of":[17,33,56,90,101,130,156,174,186],"system,":[20],"which":[21,109],"offers":[22],"many":[23],"benefits,":[24],"like":[25],"being":[26],"highly":[27],"suited":[28],"to":[29,46,73],"the":[30,75,88,94,99,104,128,146,154,157,164,171,184,198],"remote":[31,190],"sensing":[32,191],"extremely":[34],"large":[35],"areas,":[36],"having":[37,43],"rapidly":[39],"deployable":[40],"capability":[41,148],"and":[42,103,149,193,201],"low":[44],"vulnerability":[45],"electronic":[47],"countermeasures.":[48],"Unfortunately,":[49],"target":[51,185],"detection":[52,76,102,147,158],"challenge":[53],"arises":[54],"because":[55],"complicated":[57,117],"scenarios,":[58],"such":[59,115,123],"as":[60],"nuclear":[61],"blackout,":[62],"rain":[63],"attenuation,":[64],"etc.":[65],"In":[66],"these":[67],"cases,":[68],"extra":[69],"care":[70],"needed":[72],"evaluate":[74],"performance":[77,173],"blackout":[79,131],"situations,":[80],"since":[81],"this":[82],"classical":[84],"problem":[85],"along":[86],"with":[87],"application":[89],"an":[91,133],"NSVBR.":[92],"However,":[93],"existing":[95],"evaluation":[96,137,143,151],"measures":[97,177],"are":[98,139,178,194],"probability":[100],"receiver":[105],"operating":[106],"curve":[107],"(ROC),":[108],"cannot":[110],"offer":[111,168],"detailed":[112,172],"information":[113,169],"application.":[118],"This":[119],"work":[120],"focuses":[121],"on":[122,132,145,153,170],"requirements.":[124],"We":[125],"first":[126],"investigate":[127],"effect":[129],"electromagnetic":[134],"wave.":[135],"Performance":[136],"indexes":[138,144,152],"then":[140],"built:":[141],"three":[142],"two":[150],"robustness":[155],"process.":[159],"Simulation":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163],"proposed":[165],"measure":[166],"will":[167],"detection.":[175],"These":[176],"therefore":[179],"useful":[181],"detecting":[183],"interest":[187],"system":[192],"helpful":[195],"for":[196],"both":[197],"NSVBR":[199],"designers":[200],"users.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}