{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1909255270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151127869","title":"A Novel Characteristic Frequency Bands Extraction Method for Automatic Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Hilbert Huang Transform","display_name":"A Novel Characteristic Frequency Bands Extraction Method for Automatic Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Hilbert Huang Transform","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1909255270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151127869","mag":"1909255270","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26540059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s151127869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151127869","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/11/27869/pdf?version=1446539535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/11/27869/pdf?version=1446539535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028170901","display_name":"Xiao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","School of Medicine Information, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine Information, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049071749","display_name":"Enjie Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enjie Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022370608","display_name":"Chunxu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3870-9413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108011565","display_name":"Xiaoming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5112-2663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360993","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-7897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049071749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.8377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97397934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"27869","last_page":"27893"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9696000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7932488918304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6537657380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6232740879058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5915603041648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5653369426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5504797101020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5077465772628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.47262951731681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.42083480954170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4198024272918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4144285023212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3829675018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3819223940372467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.27169400453567505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7932488918304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6537657380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6232740879058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5915603041648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5653369426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5504797101020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5077465772628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.47262951731681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.42083480954170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4198024272918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4144285023212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3829675018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3819223940372467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27169400453567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055595","descriptor_name":"Mechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055595","descriptor_name":"Mechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055595","descriptor_name":"Mechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s151127869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151127869","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/11/27869/pdf?version=1446539535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26540059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26540059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2afdb12524954f1286273ca0657174bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2afdb12524954f1286273ca0657174bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 11, Pp 27869-27893 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/11/27869/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s151127869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4701258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4701258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s151127869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151127869","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/11/27869/pdf?version=1446539535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310281","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1909255270.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964551425","https://openalex.org/W1965241240","https://openalex.org/W1967352108","https://openalex.org/W1975921140","https://openalex.org/W1981516293","https://openalex.org/W1981927377","https://openalex.org/W1985969430","https://openalex.org/W1991723619","https://openalex.org/W1995352662","https://openalex.org/W2003205626","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2015544881","https://openalex.org/W2027296658","https://openalex.org/W2033403400","https://openalex.org/W2034751647","https://openalex.org/W2035094917","https://openalex.org/W2050018615","https://openalex.org/W2050323089","https://openalex.org/W2058983449","https://openalex.org/W2062696711","https://openalex.org/W2063505130","https://openalex.org/W2063526924","https://openalex.org/W2072378835","https://openalex.org/W2082274261","https://openalex.org/W2083003257","https://openalex.org/W2087273325","https://openalex.org/W2088571450","https://openalex.org/W2091884900","https://openalex.org/W2106665847","https://openalex.org/W2107074288","https://openalex.org/W2114606054","https://openalex.org/W2135032451","https://openalex.org/W2137421215","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2488793338","https://openalex.org/W6645776068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353818951","https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W1605879311","https://openalex.org/W2385763735","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2386394344","https://openalex.org/W2382806131","https://openalex.org/W2006683254","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W2770255720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"roller":[1],"element":[2],"bearings":[3],"(REBs)":[4],"failures":[5],"cause":[6],"unexpected":[7],"machinery":[8],"breakdowns,":[9],"their":[10],"fault":[11,19,129,181,238,285],"diagnosis":[12,130],"has":[13],"attracted":[14],"considerable":[15],"research":[16],"attention.":[17],"Established":[18],"feature":[20,51],"extraction":[21,52],"methods":[22],"focus":[23],"on":[24,152],"statistical":[25,202],"characteristics":[26,203],"of":[27,38,71,102,143,150,161,175,184,192,229,250,256],"the":[28,39,68,157,176,180,185,213,218,226,277],"vibration":[29,72],"signal,":[30],"which":[31,97,196],"is":[32,83,105,131,145,188,197],"an":[33,87],"approach":[34],"that":[35,191,200,276],"loses":[36],"sight":[37],"continuous":[40],"waveform":[41],"features.":[42],"Considering":[43],"this":[44,46],"weakness,":[45],"article":[47],"proposes":[48],"a":[49,80,126,198,247,253,282,289],"novel":[50,177],"method":[53,104,199,280],"for":[54,258],"frequency":[55,122],"bands,":[56],"named":[57],"Window":[58],"Marginal":[59],"Spectrum":[60],"Clustering":[61],"(WMSC)":[62],"to":[63,85,107,119,212],"select":[64],"salient":[65],"features":[66],"from":[67,156],"marginal":[69,90],"spectrum":[70,91],"signals":[73],"by":[74,134,147,241],"Hilbert-Huang":[75],"Transform":[76],"(HHT).":[77],"In":[78],"WMSC,":[79],"sliding":[81],"window":[82,94],"used":[84,106],"divide":[86],"entire":[88],"HHT":[89],"(HMS)":[92],"into":[93],"spectrums,":[95],"following":[96],"Rand":[98],"Index":[99],"(RI)":[100],"criterion":[101],"clustering":[103],"evaluate":[108],"each":[109],"window.":[110],"The":[111,141,167],"windows":[112],"returning":[113],"higher":[114,189],"RI":[115],"values":[116],"are":[117,234],"selected":[118],"construct":[120],"characteristic":[121],"bands":[123],"(CFBs).":[124],"Next,":[125],"hybrid":[127],"REBs":[128,153,215,259,284],"constructed,":[132],"termed":[133],"its":[135],"elements,":[136],"HHT-WMSC-SVM":[137,144,186,219,242],"(support":[138],"vector":[139],"machines).":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"validated":[146],"running":[148],"series":[149],"experiments":[151],"defect":[154,216,260],"datasets":[155],"Bearing":[158],"Data":[159],"Center":[160],"Case":[162],"Western":[163],"Reserve":[164],"University":[165],"(CWRU).":[166],"said":[168],"test":[169],"results":[170,274],"evidence":[171],"three":[172],"major":[173],"advantages":[174],"method.":[178],"First,":[179],"classification":[182,223,227,239,286],"accuracy":[183,228,240,287],"model":[187,220],"than":[190],"HHT-SVM":[193,232],"and":[194,231,252,288],"ST-SVM,":[195],"combines":[201],"with":[204,207],"SVM.":[205],"Second,":[206],"Gauss":[208,263,293],"white":[209,264,294],"noise":[210,265,295],"added":[211],"original":[214],"dataset,":[217,261],"maintains":[221],"high":[222,283],"accuracy,":[224],"while":[225],"ST-SVM":[230],"models":[233],"significantly":[235],"reduced.":[236],"Third,":[237],"can":[243],"exceed":[244],"95%":[245],"under":[246],"Pmin":[248],"range":[249,255],"500-800":[251],"m":[254],"50-300":[257],"adding":[262],"at":[266],"Signal":[267],"Noise":[268],"Ratio":[269],"(SNR)":[270],"=":[271],"5.":[272],"Experimental":[273],"indicate":[275],"proposed":[278],"WMSC":[279],"yields":[281],"good":[290],"performance":[291],"in":[292],"reduction.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}