{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170108541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921824","title":"An Improved WiFi Indoor Positioning Algorithm by Weighted Fusion","display_name":"An Improved WiFi Indoor Positioning Algorithm by Weighted Fusion","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170108541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921824","mag":"2170108541","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26334278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21824/pdf?version=1441163749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21824/pdf?version=1441163749","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101823328","display_name":"Rui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-5775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046025037","display_name":"Qiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-1799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102753688","display_name":"Changzhen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2711-7060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changzhen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046818119","display_name":"Jingfeng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-9701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfeng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101823328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":8.4078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97963233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"21824","last_page":"21843"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6739773154258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6499379873275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6323371529579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.5413652658462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/received-signal-strength-indication","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","score":0.5242745876312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5128605365753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.46040308475494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.429457426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42523130774497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.4205091893672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-technology","display_name":"Positioning technology","score":0.4201522767543793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.397386759519577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.33724361658096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24782010912895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17864474654197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12330365180969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10085812211036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09769770503044128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6739773154258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6499379873275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6323371529579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5413652658462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195672","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","level":3,"score":0.5242745876312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5128605365753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.46040308475494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.429457426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42523130774497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.4205091893672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778075934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning technology","level":2,"score":0.4201522767543793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.397386759519577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.33724361658096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24782010912895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17864474654197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12330365180969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10085812211036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09769770503044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21824/pdf?version=1441163749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26334278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26334278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc4aa2622fa74daeaadeeca525e329dd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc4aa2622fa74daeaadeeca525e329dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 9, Pp 21824-21843 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3589030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4610424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/9/21824/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150921824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21824/pdf?version=1441163749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170108541.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170108541.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582561767","https://openalex.org/W1889684668","https://openalex.org/W1963996689","https://openalex.org/W1964665154","https://openalex.org/W1988262848","https://openalex.org/W1999451278","https://openalex.org/W2001626625","https://openalex.org/W2014688140","https://openalex.org/W2015114513","https://openalex.org/W2015972445","https://openalex.org/W2022944058","https://openalex.org/W2025437355","https://openalex.org/W2038357359","https://openalex.org/W2048406439","https://openalex.org/W2054712783","https://openalex.org/W2085540236","https://openalex.org/W2100575533","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2116070975","https://openalex.org/W2127094564","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2149450361","https://openalex.org/W2159811720","https://openalex.org/W2314200675","https://openalex.org/W2546669918","https://openalex.org/W6647452943","https://openalex.org/W6662485385","https://openalex.org/W6729151491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387233853","https://openalex.org/W3132958258","https://openalex.org/W4313689998","https://openalex.org/W2151673354","https://openalex.org/W3130662417","https://openalex.org/W3016703042","https://openalex.org/W2115279394","https://openalex.org/W2607221748","https://openalex.org/W2145096826","https://openalex.org/W4391115158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55,77,159],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,28,36,67,94,106,167],"mobile":[4],"Internet":[5],"has":[6,216],"offered":[7],"the":[8,17,26,34,70,74,86,104,108,119,124,131,136,148,164,173,178,183,188,194,197,204,208,213],"opportunity":[9],"for":[10],"WiFi":[11,29,48,168,174],"indoor":[12,30,49],"positioning":[13,31,50,110,125,218],"to":[14,20,84,117,122,140,171,186],"come":[15],"under":[16],"spotlight":[18],"due":[19],"its":[21],"low":[22],"cost.":[23],"However,":[24],"nowadays":[25],"accuracy":[27,105],"cannot":[32],"meet":[33],"demands":[35],"practical":[37],"applications.":[38],"To":[39,101],"solve":[40],"this":[41,43],"problem,":[42],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"an":[46],"improved":[47,132,137,160,179],"algorithm":[51,57,202,215],"by":[52,96,156],"weighted":[53,157],"fusion.":[54,158],"proposed":[56,195,214],"is":[58],"based":[59,200],"on":[60],"traditional":[61],"location":[62],"fingerprinting":[63],"algorithms":[64],"and":[65,73,89,99,135,145,177,203],"consists":[66],"two":[68,142,153],"stages:":[69],"offline":[71,78],"acquisition":[72,79],"online":[75,109],"positioning.":[76],"process":[80,111],"selects":[81],"optimal":[82],"parameters":[83],"complete":[85],"signal":[87,169,175],"acquisition,":[88],"it":[90,129],"forms":[91],"a":[92,114],"database":[93],"fingerprints":[95,121],"error":[97],"classification":[98],"handling.":[100],"further":[102,146],"improve":[103],"positioning,":[107],"first":[112],"uses":[113,130],"pre-match":[115],"method":[116],"select":[118],"candidate":[120],"shorten":[123],"time.":[126],"After":[127],"that,":[128],"Euclidean":[133,161,198],"distance":[134,162,199],"joint":[138,180,205],"probability":[139,181,191,206],"calculate":[141],"intermediate":[143,154],"results,":[144],"calculates":[147],"final":[149],"result":[150],"from":[151],"these":[152],"results":[155,210],"introduces":[163,182],"standard":[165],"deviation":[166],"strength":[170],"smooth":[172],"fluctuation":[176],"logarithmic":[184],"calculation":[185],"reduce":[187],"difference":[189],"between":[190],"values.":[192],"Comparing":[193],"algorithm,":[196,207],"WKNN":[201],"experimental":[209],"indicate":[211],"that":[212],"higher":[217],"accuracy.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}