{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1898604838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921377","title":"Received Signal Strength Database Interpolation by Kriging for a Wi-Fi Indoor Positioning System","display_name":"Received Signal Strength Database Interpolation by Kriging for a Wi-Fi Indoor Positioning System","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1898604838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921377","mag":"1898604838","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26343673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21377/pdf?version=1440755001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21377/pdf?version=1440755001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068832268","display_name":"Shau\u2010Shiun Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shau-Shiun Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112474784","display_name":"Shuo-Ju Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo-Ju Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","National Cheng-Kung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cheng-Kung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040765860","display_name":"Ya\u2010Wen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Wen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","National Cheng-Kung University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cheng-Kung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068832268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.8188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95277816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"21377","last_page":"21393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.9831486940383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.7271075248718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.6771038174629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5995190143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5127431154251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.4901333749294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4697713553905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3463115692138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20397403836250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18652081489562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.10361123085021973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07593554258346558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.9831486940383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7271075248718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.6771038174629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5995190143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5127431154251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.4901333749294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4697713553905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3463115692138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20397403836250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18652081489562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.10361123085021973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07593554258346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21377/pdf?version=1440755001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26343673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26343673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:927d1fb21b51460498d9fa140b6953f3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/927d1fb21b51460498d9fa140b6953f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 9, Pp 21377-21393 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3589046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4610440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/9/21377/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150921377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21377/pdf?version=1440755001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1898604838.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528758507","https://openalex.org/W1988951879","https://openalex.org/W2000848971","https://openalex.org/W2013593251","https://openalex.org/W2015895497","https://openalex.org/W2016748032","https://openalex.org/W2017712874","https://openalex.org/W2029980841","https://openalex.org/W2152034016","https://openalex.org/W2593355792","https://openalex.org/W2608786814","https://openalex.org/W2614068100","https://openalex.org/W3143634002","https://openalex.org/W6650663520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3009083793","https://openalex.org/W4285326088","https://openalex.org/W1993996173","https://openalex.org/W2055080101","https://openalex.org/W3200148366","https://openalex.org/W4286247444","https://openalex.org/W2538316715","https://openalex.org/W2095730207","https://openalex.org/W2383599958","https://openalex.org/W4376163457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,182],"main":[1],"approach":[2,121],"for":[3,47,91],"a":[4,41,57,180,205,225],"Wi-Fi":[5,167,206,255],"indoor":[6,51,72,82,103,199,207,256],"positioning":[7,52,83,96,104,208,250,257],"system":[8,97,105,209,258],"is":[9,22,45,77,112,122,138,216,237,261],"based":[10,50,210],"on":[11,211],"the":[12,19,26,31,35,68,71,88,92,95,99,116,119,124,129,145,152,161,166,172,185,189,193,212,221,228,231,244,249,253],"received":[13],"signal":[14,125,135,162],"strength":[15,126],"(RSS)":[16],"measurements,":[17],"and":[18,54,65,85,133,177],"fingerprinting":[20,214],"method":[21,111,215],"utilized":[23],"to":[24,86,140,243],"determine":[25],"user":[27],"position":[28],"by":[29,263],"matching":[30],"RSS":[32,37,42,49,58,120,194,233,246],"values":[33],"with":[34,106,144,224,235,259],"pre-surveyed":[36],"database.":[38,247],"To":[39,79],"build":[40],"fingerprint":[43,59],"database":[44,60,143,195,234],"essential":[46],"an":[48,102,107,141],"system,":[53],"building":[55,173],"such":[56],"requires":[61],"lots":[62],"of":[63,70,94,118,154,165,188,230,252],"time":[64],"effort.":[66],"As":[67,218],"range":[69],"environment":[73],"becomes":[74],"larger,":[75],"labor":[76,89],"increased.":[78],"provide":[80],"better":[81],"services":[84],"reduce":[87],"required":[90],"establishment":[93],"at":[98,158],"same":[100],"time,":[101],"appropriate":[108],"spatial":[109,186],"interpolation":[110],"needed.":[113],"In":[114],"addition,":[115],"advantage":[117],"that":[123,268],"decays":[127],"as":[128,179,184],"transmission":[130],"distance":[131],"increases,":[132],"this":[134,149,203],"propagation":[136,163],"characteristic":[137],"applied":[139],"interpolated":[142],"Kriging":[146,213,236,260],"algorithm":[147],"in":[148,171,197,202,220,265],"paper.":[150],"Using":[151],"distribution":[153],"reference":[155],"points":[156],"(RPs)":[157],"measured":[159],"points,":[160],"model":[164],"access":[168],"point":[169],"(AP)":[170],"can":[174,191],"be":[175],"built":[176],"expressed":[178],"function.":[181],"function,":[183],"structure":[187],"environment,":[190],"create":[192],"quickly":[196],"different":[198],"environments.":[200],"Thus,":[201],"paper,":[204],"developed.":[217],"shown":[219],"experiment":[222],"results,":[223],"72.2%":[226],"probability,":[227],"error":[229,251],"extended":[232],"less":[238],"than":[239,267],"3":[240],"dBm":[241],"compared":[242],"surveyed":[245],"Importantly,":[248],"developed":[254],"reduced":[262],"17.9%":[264],"average":[266],"without":[269],"Kriging.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}