{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1894314511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921033","title":"A Combination of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows","display_name":"A Combination of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1894314511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921033","mag":"1894314511","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26343655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21033/pdf?version=1440668428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21033/pdf?version=1440668428","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102333475","display_name":"Shenghua Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Hua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109448683","display_name":"Jiping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-3250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Ping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052680134","display_name":"Fu-Hao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu-Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052519895","display_name":"Liang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4063-6842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071873299","display_name":"Lijian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-6724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Jian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-6724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Government GIS, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 Lianhuachi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102333475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":4.6148,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93653032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"21033","last_page":"21053"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.7916646003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7726612091064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.7557551264762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7109202146530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6494275331497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5654906630516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5497206449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5353617668151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5346879959106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5236620306968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premature-convergence","display_name":"Premature convergence","score":0.5154093503952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-optimization","display_name":"Meta-optimization","score":0.4883703589439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.45641520619392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.4557499587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.2977299094200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2804539203643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09246861934661865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.7916646003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7726612091064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.7557551264762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7109202146530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6494275331497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5654906630516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5497206449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5353617668151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5346879959106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5236620306968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58758708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240233","display_name":"Premature convergence","level":3,"score":0.5154093503952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4935549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261","display_name":"Meta-optimization","level":3,"score":0.4883703589439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.45641520619392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.4557499587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.2977299094200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2804539203643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09246861934661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21033/pdf?version=1440668428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26343655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26343655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.697.7730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.697.7730","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21033/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4932e52bc6a4ab7aeb3c56226254001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4932e52bc6a4ab7aeb3c56226254001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 9, Pp 21033-21053 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3589066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4610459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/9/21033/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150921033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21033/pdf?version=1440668428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1894314511.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1894314511.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W994652104","https://openalex.org/W1544321673","https://openalex.org/W1965856911","https://openalex.org/W1969919462","https://openalex.org/W1973494611","https://openalex.org/W1975501199","https://openalex.org/W1979488556","https://openalex.org/W1981713285","https://openalex.org/W1984837337","https://openalex.org/W1985909617","https://openalex.org/W1986834168","https://openalex.org/W1991574971","https://openalex.org/W1999892899","https://openalex.org/W2003337479","https://openalex.org/W2010694907","https://openalex.org/W2011885872","https://openalex.org/W2018700453","https://openalex.org/W2021533552","https://openalex.org/W2025612074","https://openalex.org/W2028002822","https://openalex.org/W2029308727","https://openalex.org/W2031236641","https://openalex.org/W2033843955","https://openalex.org/W2037119827","https://openalex.org/W2040140158","https://openalex.org/W2044907449","https://openalex.org/W2046064436","https://openalex.org/W2051764341","https://openalex.org/W2052272326","https://openalex.org/W2055539533","https://openalex.org/W2063489629","https://openalex.org/W2066178369","https://openalex.org/W2066484523","https://openalex.org/W2069224524","https://openalex.org/W2069445336","https://openalex.org/W2070615940","https://openalex.org/W2071767092","https://openalex.org/W2073588680","https://openalex.org/W2076293397","https://openalex.org/W2079333601","https://openalex.org/W2081231516","https://openalex.org/W2081372912","https://openalex.org/W2084061494","https://openalex.org/W2086029661","https://openalex.org/W2091422786","https://openalex.org/W2093709925","https://openalex.org/W2094513248","https://openalex.org/W2099860183","https://openalex.org/W2101524748","https://openalex.org/W2102204056","https://openalex.org/W2111563176","https://openalex.org/W2112653202","https://openalex.org/W2119365694","https://openalex.org/W2123064467","https://openalex.org/W2128811073","https://openalex.org/W2129360191","https://openalex.org/W2131355461","https://openalex.org/W2138617005","https://openalex.org/W2143560686","https://openalex.org/W2145554188","https://openalex.org/W2146004814","https://openalex.org/W2147173871","https://openalex.org/W2148892656","https://openalex.org/W2154841487","https://openalex.org/W2158169396","https://openalex.org/W2158354221","https://openalex.org/W2164177447","https://openalex.org/W2165299997","https://openalex.org/W2167218946","https://openalex.org/W2332253436","https://openalex.org/W2603251541","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6626119873","https://openalex.org/W6632436985","https://openalex.org/W6684237752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966449253","https://openalex.org/W2090855774","https://openalex.org/W21080393","https://openalex.org/W2113650225","https://openalex.org/W2110531080","https://openalex.org/W2393398569","https://openalex.org/W2352852890","https://openalex.org/W2351868275","https://openalex.org/W2365047340","https://openalex.org/W2354374578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"combination":[1],"of":[2,25,55,73],"genetic":[3,74],"algorithm":[4,28,75,92],"and":[5,63,67,81,98],"particle":[6,32],"swarm":[7],"optimization":[8],"(PSO)":[9],"for":[10,111,120],"vehicle":[11],"routing":[12],"problems":[13],"with":[14,69,100],"time":[15],"windows":[16],"(VRPTW)":[17],"is":[18,93,124],"proposed":[19,27,91],"in":[20,127],"this":[21,121],"paper.":[22],"The":[23,85],"improvements":[24],"the":[26,31,39,43,53,56,70,78,82,90,113,128],"include:":[29],"using":[30],"real":[33],"number":[34,54],"encoding":[35],"method":[36],"to":[37,41,58,76],"decode":[38],"route":[40],"alleviate":[42],"computation":[44],"burden,":[45],"applying":[46],"a":[47],"linear":[48],"decreasing":[49],"function":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"iterations":[57],"provide":[59],"balance":[60],"between":[61],"global":[62],"local":[64,83],"exploration":[65],"abilities,":[66],"integrating":[68],"crossover":[71],"operator":[72],"avoid":[77],"premature":[79],"convergence":[80],"minimum.":[84],"experimental":[86],"results":[87,103],"show":[88],"that":[89],"not":[94],"only":[95],"more":[96,108],"efficient":[97],"competitive":[99],"other":[101],"published":[102],"but":[104],"can":[105],"also":[106,125],"obtain":[107],"optimal":[109],"solutions":[110],"solving":[112],"VRPTW":[114],"issue.":[115],"One":[116],"new":[117],"well-known":[118],"solution":[119],"benchmark":[122],"problem":[123],"outlined":[126],"following.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
