{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1622168217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150715478","title":"GPS/GLONASS Combined Precise Point Positioning with Receiver Clock Modeling","display_name":"GPS/GLONASS Combined Precise Point Positioning with Receiver Clock Modeling","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1622168217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150715478","mag":"1622168217","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26134106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150715478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150715478","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/7/15478/pdf?version=1435664654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/7/15478/pdf?version=1435664654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027558945","display_name":"Fuhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-3643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011703339","display_name":"Xinghan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7013-3920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinghan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334114","display_name":"Fei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-6937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011703339","https://openalex.org/A5100334114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":57.0263,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99524768,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"15478","last_page":"15493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glonass","display_name":"GLONASS","score":0.9346056580543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.8254706263542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.775977611541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-receiver","display_name":"Gps receiver","score":0.5839517116546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5093675851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-lightweight-gps-receiver","display_name":"Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver","score":0.4730081856250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.457112580537796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.424580454826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4206932485103607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-autonomous-integrity-monitoring","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","score":0.4204578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4060325622558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37017738819122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.35408228635787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20761638879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16762495040893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09462147951126099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102451475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486250","display_name":"GLONASS","level":4,"score":0.9346056580543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.8254706263542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.775977611541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987779331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486497","display_name":"Gps receiver","level":4,"score":0.5839517116546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5093675851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190234968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239523","display_name":"Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver","level":5,"score":0.4730081856250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.457112580537796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.424580454826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4206932485103607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94821174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135146","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","level":4,"score":0.4204578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4060325622558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37017738819122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.35408228635787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20761638879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16762495040893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09462147951126099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150715478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150715478","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/7/15478/pdf?version=1435664654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26134106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26134106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:624a5c4eb5dc45099cee8ac3cfaf81a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/624a5c4eb5dc45099cee8ac3cfaf81a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 7, Pp 15478-15493 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3519614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4541840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/7/15478/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150715478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150715478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150715478","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/7/15478/pdf?version=1435664654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2956879742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41374035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4094333466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41404006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1622168217.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1622168217.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71134048","https://openalex.org/W296106428","https://openalex.org/W1500564636","https://openalex.org/W1562026146","https://openalex.org/W1971760893","https://openalex.org/W1972416446","https://openalex.org/W1974437027","https://openalex.org/W1988789326","https://openalex.org/W1994445386","https://openalex.org/W1998360446","https://openalex.org/W2019447407","https://openalex.org/W2025819547","https://openalex.org/W2026171912","https://openalex.org/W2037879427","https://openalex.org/W2049270752","https://openalex.org/W2067400221","https://openalex.org/W2069323425","https://openalex.org/W2079303314","https://openalex.org/W2083936761","https://openalex.org/W2084389047","https://openalex.org/W2100846830","https://openalex.org/W2117841509","https://openalex.org/W2119397684","https://openalex.org/W2128307899","https://openalex.org/W2140050818","https://openalex.org/W2319055906","https://openalex.org/W2613355213","https://openalex.org/W2897897629","https://openalex.org/W3015408744","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6775737520","https://openalex.org/W6981878041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392133152","https://openalex.org/W2529543626","https://openalex.org/W2394328491","https://openalex.org/W1412333709","https://openalex.org/W2356356681","https://openalex.org/W2210567679","https://openalex.org/W2388255136","https://openalex.org/W2963796663","https://openalex.org/W2392302428","https://openalex.org/W2181571956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"has":[1],"demonstrated":[2],"that":[3,125,152,199],"receiver":[4,16,29,44,68,138,191,230],"clock":[5,17,30,45,69,139,192,231],"modeling":[6,31],"can":[7,134],"reduce":[8],"the":[9,13,28,43,56,61,93,98,126,137,146,153,175,180,190,200,209,214,229,233,245,257,265,270,274,277,281,287,297,301],"correlation":[10,272,288],"coefficients":[11],"among":[12],"parameters":[14],"of":[15,95,106,156,179,216,219,235,247,251,283,303],"bias,":[18],"station":[19,48],"height":[20],"and":[21,47,50,67,101,203,276,291,294],"zenith":[22],"tropospheric":[23],"delay.":[24],"This":[25,141],"paper":[26],"introduces":[27],"to":[32,40,162,174,228,269],"GPS/GLONASS":[33,62,110,181],"combined":[34,182],"precise":[35],"point":[36],"positioning":[37,53,99,127,158,201],"(PPP),":[38],"aiming":[39],"better":[41,186],"separate":[42],"bias":[46,239],"coordinates":[49,290],"therefore":[51],"improve":[52],"accuracy.":[54],"Firstly,":[55],"basic":[57],"mathematic":[58],"models":[59,241],"including":[60,97],"observation":[63,305],"equations,":[64],"stochastic":[65],"model,":[66],"model":[70,267,285],"are":[71,85,117,184,194,205,242,260],"briefly":[72],"introduced.":[73],"Then":[74],"datasets":[75],"from":[76,113,136],"several":[77],"IGS":[78,115],"stations":[79,116],"equipped":[80],"with":[81,119,208,253],"high-stability":[82],"atomic":[83],"clocks":[84],"used":[86],"for":[87,145,170],"kinematic":[88],"PPP":[89,183,258,298],"tests.":[90],"To":[91],"investigate":[92],"performance":[94,299],"PPP,":[96,177],"accuracy":[100,128,159,202],"convergence":[102,132],"time,":[103],"a":[104,248],"week":[105],"(1-7":[107],"January":[108],"2014)":[109],"data":[111],"retrieved":[112],"these":[114],"processed":[118],"different":[120,236],"schemes.":[121],"The":[122],"results":[123],"indicate":[124],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"time":[133],"benefit":[135],"modeling.":[140],"is":[142],"particularly":[143],"pronounced":[144],"vertical":[147],"component.":[148],"Statistic":[149],"RMSs":[150],"show":[151],"average":[154],"improvement":[155],"three-dimensional":[157],"reaches":[160,167],"up":[161],"30%-40%.":[163],"Sometimes,":[164],"it":[165],"even":[166],"over":[168],"60%":[169],"specific":[171],"stations.":[172],"Compared":[173],"GPS-only":[176],"solutions":[178],"much":[185],"no":[187],"matter":[188],"if":[189],"offsets":[193],"modeled":[195],"or":[196,222],"not,":[197],"indicating":[198],"reliability":[204],"significantly":[206],"improved":[207],"additional":[210],"GLONASS":[211],"satellites":[212,221,252],"in":[213,300],"case":[215,246,302],"insufficient":[217],"number":[218,250],"GPS":[220],"poor":[223,304],"geometry":[224],"conditions.":[225,306],"In":[226],"addition":[227],"modeling,":[232],"impacts":[234],"inter-system":[237],"timing":[238],"(ISB)":[240],"investigated.":[243],"For":[244],"sufficient":[249],"fairly":[254],"good":[255],"geometry,":[256],"performances":[259],"not":[261],"seriously":[262],"affected":[263],"by":[264],"ISB":[266,275,284,292],"due":[268],"low":[271],"between":[273,289],"other":[278],"parameters.":[279],"However,":[280],"refinement":[282],"weakens":[286],"estimates":[293],"finally":[295],"enhance":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
