{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020506471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150510118","title":"Joint Infrared Target Recognition and Segmentation Using a Shape Manifold-Aware Level Set","display_name":"Joint Infrared Target Recognition and Segmentation Using a Shape Manifold-Aware Level Set","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020506471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150510118","mag":"2020506471","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25938202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150510118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150510118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/5/10118/pdf?version=1430302663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/5/10118/pdf?version=1430302663","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020125965","display_name":"Liangjiang Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liangjiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016996180","display_name":"Guoliang Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-9040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoliang Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665609","display_name":"Jiulu Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5679-6787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiulu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108518519","display_name":"Joseph Havlicek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Havlicek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020125965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9362,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82188601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"10118","last_page":"10145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6644254922866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5720509886741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5696452856063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5691449046134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47615787386894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.46322301030158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.45559123158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33342015743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2976148724555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22786977887153625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6644254922866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5720509886741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5696452856063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5691449046134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47615787386894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.46322301030158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.45559123158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33342015743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2976148724555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22786977887153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150510118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150510118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/5/10118/pdf?version=1430302663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25938202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25938202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b9c54f6c60b34d5798f1aa918824f7c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b9c54f6c60b34d5798f1aa918824f7c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 5, Pp 10118-10145 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/5/10118/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150510118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4481947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4481947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150510118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150510118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/5/10118/pdf?version=1430302663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2972756597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR12-30","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310627","funder_display_name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3622582212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-08-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5259331294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452299184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8998121839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310627","display_name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02q578v20"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020506471.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020506471.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75575891","https://openalex.org/W1513156222","https://openalex.org/W1530695493","https://openalex.org/W1551898955","https://openalex.org/W1726196700","https://openalex.org/W1966061914","https://openalex.org/W1966382124","https://openalex.org/W1966829807","https://openalex.org/W1969158966","https://openalex.org/W1979393293","https://openalex.org/W1984690031","https://openalex.org/W1985140579","https://openalex.org/W1989832318","https://openalex.org/W1994376191","https://openalex.org/W1995903777","https://openalex.org/W1999325076","https://openalex.org/W2004496676","https://openalex.org/W2004949699","https://openalex.org/W2005626749","https://openalex.org/W2008164763","https://openalex.org/W2010508923","https://openalex.org/W2021794943","https://openalex.org/W2023875601","https://openalex.org/W2028582229","https://openalex.org/W2028975110","https://openalex.org/W2029725672","https://openalex.org/W2033724900","https://openalex.org/W2034315537","https://openalex.org/W2035866593","https://openalex.org/W2036283884","https://openalex.org/W2037437396","https://openalex.org/W2044470276","https://openalex.org/W2046382188","https://openalex.org/W2052309646","https://openalex.org/W2055527795","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2060894593","https://openalex.org/W2063988658","https://openalex.org/W2067471007","https://openalex.org/W2069802104","https://openalex.org/W2081315635","https://openalex.org/W2082373110","https://openalex.org/W2084262241","https://openalex.org/W2089614812","https://openalex.org/W2098305432","https://openalex.org/W2098717855","https://openalex.org/W2099606917","https://openalex.org/W2099747208","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2110158442","https://openalex.org/W2111187045","https://openalex.org/W2112607495","https://openalex.org/W2113055885","https://openalex.org/W2119044606","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2125313748","https://openalex.org/W2129518709","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2131815970","https://openalex.org/W2134774992","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2138435310","https://openalex.org/W2138524633","https://openalex.org/W2139725535","https://openalex.org/W2145803225","https://openalex.org/W2147484997","https://openalex.org/W2148024723","https://openalex.org/W2151348769","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2152484210","https://openalex.org/W2152548630","https://openalex.org/W2155343350","https://openalex.org/W2160142792","https://openalex.org/W2161801324","https://openalex.org/W2163004275","https://openalex.org/W2164175270","https://openalex.org/W2167338900","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2543324026","https://openalex.org/W3022396642","https://openalex.org/W3146803896","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4321466059","https://openalex.org/W6667269996","https://openalex.org/W6670739981","https://openalex.org/W6682642761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386596916","https://openalex.org/W3019402777","https://openalex.org/W1972035260","https://openalex.org/W2031835531","https://openalex.org/W2388590088","https://openalex.org/W1969166468","https://openalex.org/W2122371747","https://openalex.org/W2116377213","https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"new":[2],"techniques":[3],"for":[4],"joint":[5,96],"recognition,":[6,90],"segmentation":[7,91],"and":[8,37,41,51,76,92,121,146],"pose":[9,93],"estimation":[10,94],"of":[11,49,98,152,159],"infrared":[12],"(IR)":[13],"targets.":[14],"The":[15],"problem":[16,112],"is":[17,31,60],"formulated":[18],"in":[19,82],"a":[20,26,35,47,115,129],"probabilistic":[21],"level":[22,56],"set":[23,57],"framework":[24],"where":[25,42],"shape":[27,39,44,66,160,164,176],"constrained":[28],"generative":[29],"model":[30,45],"used":[32],"to":[33],"provide":[34],"multi-class":[36],"multi-view":[38],"prior":[40],"the":[43,65,70,74,83,99,108,124,137,153,157],"involves":[46],"couplet":[48],"view":[50,75],"identity":[52,77],"manifolds":[53],"(CVIM).":[54],"A":[55],"energy":[58],"function":[59],"then":[61,122],"iteratively":[62],"optimized":[63],"under":[64],"constraints":[67],"provided":[68],"by":[69,113,127],"CVIM.":[71],"Since":[72],"both":[73,151],"variables":[78],"are":[79],"expressed":[80],"explicitly":[81,179],"objective":[84],"function,":[85],"this":[86],"approach":[87],"naturally":[88],"accomplishes":[89],"as":[95],"products":[97],"optimization":[100,111,118],"process.":[101],"For":[102],"realistic":[103],"target":[104],"chips,":[105],"we":[106],"solve":[107],"resulting":[109],"multi-modal":[110],"adopting":[114],"particle":[116],"swarm":[117],"(PSO)":[119],"algorithm":[120],"improve":[123],"computational":[125],"efficiency":[126],"implementing":[128],"gradient-boosted":[130],"PSO":[131,154],"(GB-PSO).":[132],"Evaluation":[133],"was":[134],"performed":[135],"using":[136],"Military":[138],"Sensing":[139],"Information":[140],"Analysis":[141],"Center":[142],"(SENSIAC)":[143],"ATR":[144,171],"database,":[145],"experimental":[147],"results":[148],"show":[149],"that":[150],"algorithms":[155],"reduce":[156],"cost":[158],"matching":[161],"during":[162],"CVIM-based":[163],"inference.":[165],"Particularly,":[166],"GB-PSO":[167],"outperforms":[168],"other":[169],"recent":[170],"algorithms,":[172],"which":[173],"require":[174],"intensive":[175],"matching,":[177],"either":[178],"(with":[180],"pre-segmentation)":[181],"or":[182],"implicitly":[183],"(without":[184],"pre-segmentation).":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}