{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050341463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150408163","title":"Impact Wave Monitoring in Soil Using a Dynamic Fiber Sensor Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering","display_name":"Impact Wave Monitoring in Soil Using a Dynamic Fiber Sensor Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050341463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150408163","mag":"2050341463","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25856327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150408163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150408163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/4/8163/pdf?version=1428480357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/4/8163/pdf?version=1428480357","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101402125","display_name":"Qingsong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-6716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingsong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA","National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012417400","display_name":"Sibel Pamukcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-6467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sibel Pamukcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016590904","display_name":"Mesut Pervizpour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mesut Pervizpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101402125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895","https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6023,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72688012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"8163","last_page":"8172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-acoustic-sensing","display_name":"Distributed acoustic sensing","score":0.6839525699615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.6526918411254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6216808557510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brillouin-scattering","display_name":"Brillouin scattering","score":0.6171778440475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.5959950685501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.543958842754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.5434246063232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.513079047203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.5052772164344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brillouin-zone","display_name":"Brillouin zone","score":0.4809347987174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43662509322166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.4180162847042084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4132084250450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.3427489697933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21026167273521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.17048171162605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14487412571907043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158543913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283133","display_name":"Distributed acoustic sensing","level":4,"score":0.6839525699615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.6526918411254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6216808557510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43989790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578741","display_name":"Brillouin scattering","level":3,"score":0.6171778440475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.5959950685501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.543958842754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.5434246063232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.513079047203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.5052772164344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16291881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917246","display_name":"Brillouin zone","level":2,"score":0.4809347987174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43662509322166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.4180162847042084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4132084250450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.3427489697933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21026167273521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.17048171162605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14487412571907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150408163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150408163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/4/8163/pdf?version=1428480357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25856327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25856327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8354daadd3b4aa3b1d069a5ae663108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8354daadd3b4aa3b1d069a5ae663108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 4, Pp 8163-8172 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/4/8163/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150408163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4431247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4431247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150408163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150408163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/4/8163/pdf?version=1428480357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6495063290","display_name":"Wireless Signal Networks for Subsurface Modeling and Geo-Event Characterization","funder_award_id":"0855603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2050341463.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2050341463.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964733446","https://openalex.org/W1991901067","https://openalex.org/W2002129884","https://openalex.org/W2010720272","https://openalex.org/W2020669351","https://openalex.org/W2024818008","https://openalex.org/W2039098174","https://openalex.org/W2064091493","https://openalex.org/W2071590271","https://openalex.org/W2108280136","https://openalex.org/W2108679592","https://openalex.org/W2123434269","https://openalex.org/W2126184775","https://openalex.org/W2135338311","https://openalex.org/W2153818213","https://openalex.org/W2156967647","https://openalex.org/W2160843246","https://openalex.org/W2170195314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2590871063","https://openalex.org/W1994728283","https://openalex.org/W4389724069","https://openalex.org/W2973209402","https://openalex.org/W2350013127","https://openalex.org/W2118156765","https://openalex.org/W2038517448","https://openalex.org/W2364190179","https://openalex.org/W4324386707","https://openalex.org/W2368450671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32,49,75,111],"impact":[1,71],"wave":[2],"response":[3],"of":[4,60,64,77,123],"soil":[5,21],"due":[6],"to":[7,116],"a":[8,14,24,40,65,69,97,118],"ball":[9],"drop":[10],"is":[11],"monitored":[12,55],"on":[13,72],"30.5":[15,18],"cm":[16,19,90],"by":[17],"square":[20],"box":[22],"using":[23,39],"fiber":[25,109],"sensor":[26,52],"with":[27,45,88],"dynamic":[28,80,105],"strain":[29],"sensing":[30],"capability.":[31],"experiments":[33],"are":[34],"conducted":[35],"in":[36,84,107,128],"real":[37],"time":[38],"simple":[41],"one-laser":[42],"one-modulator":[43],"configuration":[44],"stimulated":[46],"Brillouin":[47],"scattering.":[48],"embedded":[50,108],"BOTDA":[51],"grid":[53],"successfully":[54],"the":[56,61,78,104,114],"distribution":[57],"and":[58,87,126],"evolution":[59],"inner":[62],"strains":[63,81,106],"sand":[66],"bed":[67],"during":[68],"mass":[70],"its":[73],"surface.":[74],"measurement":[76],"distributed":[79],"was":[82],"possible":[83],"several":[85],"milliseconds":[86],"1":[89],"actual":[91],"location":[92],"resolution.":[93],"This":[94],"paper":[95],"presents":[96],"time-domain":[98],"signal":[99],"analysis":[100],"utilized":[101],"for":[102,121],"determining":[103],"sensor.":[110],"results":[112],"demonstrate":[113],"method":[115],"be":[117],"promising":[119],"one":[120],"detection":[122],"subsurface":[124],"vibration":[125],"movement":[127],"geotechnical":[129],"Structure":[130],"Health":[131],"Monitoring":[132],"(SHM).":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}