{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066064146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150306549","title":"Single- and Two-Phase Flow Characterization Using Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings","display_name":"Single- and Two-Phase Flow Characterization Using Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066064146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150306549","mag":"2066064146","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25789494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150306549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150306549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/6549/pdf?version=1426586137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/6549/pdf?version=1426586137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046162769","display_name":"Virg\u00ednia Baroncini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-3958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virg\u00ednia Baroncini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,  Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,  Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068368103","display_name":"C\u00edcero Martelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-7847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cicero Martelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,  Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,  Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017487342","display_name":"Marco J. da Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-8293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,  Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,  Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031182921","display_name":"Rigoberto Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-7361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rigoberto Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of  Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of  Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068368103"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8031,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76648969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"6549","last_page":"6559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.8995238542556763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6461203098297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5990760922431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.5990632772445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5688272714614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.49306151270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosfos","display_name":"PHOSFOS","score":0.47639432549476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-measurement","display_name":"Flow measurement","score":0.46965232491493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-period-fiber-grating","display_name":"Long-period fiber grating","score":0.4371163845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating","display_name":"Grating","score":0.42564791440963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.4044435918331146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion-shifted-fiber","display_name":"Dispersion-shifted fiber","score":0.3577066659927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.24705791473388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.2062537968158722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12539154291152954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.8995238542556763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6461203098297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5990760922431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.5990632772445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5688272714614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49306151270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78634431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119254","display_name":"PHOSFOS","level":5,"score":0.47639432549476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16302685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15091623","display_name":"Flow measurement","level":2,"score":0.46965232491493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190743814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578576","display_name":"Long-period fiber grating","level":5,"score":0.4371163845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.42564791440963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.4044435918331146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6138904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282578","display_name":"Dispersion-shifted fiber","level":4,"score":0.3577066659927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.24705791473388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2062537968158722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12539154291152954}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150306549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150306549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/6549/pdf?version=1426586137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25789494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25789494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4bf3e61c5b214e01ad1463cc8b38c013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4bf3e61c5b214e01ad1463cc8b38c013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 3, Pp 6549-6559 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/3/6549/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150306549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4435170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4435170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150306549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150306549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/6549/pdf?version=1426586137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322468","display_name":"Petrobras","ror":"https://ror.org/0235kyq22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322904","display_name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","ror":"https://ror.org/030w99567"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2066064146.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2066064146.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971400083","https://openalex.org/W1980398490","https://openalex.org/W1990101252","https://openalex.org/W1995118584","https://openalex.org/W1998773397","https://openalex.org/W2003731425","https://openalex.org/W2015927596","https://openalex.org/W2020415097","https://openalex.org/W2026319665","https://openalex.org/W2029266303","https://openalex.org/W2042194869","https://openalex.org/W2046179691","https://openalex.org/W2050605681","https://openalex.org/W2063095944","https://openalex.org/W2073284976","https://openalex.org/W2073899181","https://openalex.org/W2140637004","https://openalex.org/W2140711837","https://openalex.org/W2169230013","https://openalex.org/W2170071298","https://openalex.org/W2381360224","https://openalex.org/W3041814835","https://openalex.org/W4386523272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974541907","https://openalex.org/W3205454610","https://openalex.org/W2394327141","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W2508594234","https://openalex.org/W2261772213","https://openalex.org/W1637415686","https://openalex.org/W2116215559","https://openalex.org/W2273728666","https://openalex.org/W2354311705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single-":[0],"and":[1,28,100,131,178,211,222],"two-phase":[2],"flow":[3,27,43,86,89,142,160],"characterization":[4,183],"using":[5,76],"optical":[6,19,46,128],"fiber":[7,20,47,113,129],"Bragg":[8,21],"gratings":[9],"(FBGs)":[10],"is":[11,62,70,91,103,176],"presented.":[12],"The":[13,34],"sensor":[14],"unit":[15],"consists":[16],"of":[17,98,121,140,184,192,199,215],"the":[18,26,31,39,45,55,59,66,77,84,88,108,112,117,127,132,141,162,174,182,185,190,193,200],"grating":[22,78,134],"positioned":[23],"transversely":[24],"to":[25,44,65,72,82,111,217],"fixed":[29],"in":[30,107],"pipe":[32,175],"walls.":[33],"hydrodynamic":[35],"pressure":[36,61],"applied":[37,60,110],"by":[38,54],"liquid":[40,153],"or":[41,151],"air/liquid":[42],"induces":[48],"deformation":[49,130],"that":[50,58,114],"can":[51],"be":[52,144],"detected":[53],"FBG.":[56],"Given":[57],"directly":[63],"related":[64],"mass":[67,85],"flow,":[68,186],"it":[69],"possible":[71,181],"establish":[73],"a":[74,104,125,138,152,196],"relationship":[75],"resonance":[79],"wavelength":[80,135],"shift":[81,136],"determine":[83],"when":[87],"velocity":[90],"well":[92,188],"known.":[93],"For":[94],"two":[95],"phase":[96],"flows":[97],"air":[99,149],"liquid,":[101],"there":[102],"significant":[105],"change":[106],"force":[109],"accounts":[115],"for":[116,147],"very":[118,145],"distinct":[119],"densities":[120],"these":[122],"substances.":[123],"As":[124],"consequence,":[126],"correspondent":[133],"as":[137,158,187,189],"function":[139],"will":[143],"different":[146],"an":[148],"bubble":[150],"slug,":[154],"allowing":[155],"their":[156],"detection":[157],"they":[159],"through":[161],"pipe.":[163],"A":[164],"quasi-distributed":[165],"sensing":[166],"tool":[167],"with":[168,207],"18":[169],"sensors":[170],"evenly":[171],"spread":[172],"along":[173],"developed":[177],"characterized,":[179],"making":[180],"tracking":[191],"bubbles":[194],"over":[195],"large":[197],"section":[198],"test":[201],"bed.":[202],"Results":[203],"show":[204],"good":[205],"agreement":[206],"standard":[208],"measurement":[209,220],"methods":[210],"open":[212],"up":[213],"plenty":[214],"opportunities":[216],"both":[218],"laboratory":[219],"tools":[221],"field":[223],"applications.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}