{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148190259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150305197","title":"Continuous Human Action Recognition Using Depth-MHI-HOG and a Spotter Model","display_name":"Continuous Human Action Recognition Using Depth-MHI-HOG and a Spotter Model","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148190259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150305197","mag":"2148190259","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25742172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150305197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150305197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/5197/pdf?version=1425385935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/5197/pdf?version=1425385935","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012314289","display_name":"Hyukmin Eum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyukmin Eum","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102070742","display_name":"Changyong Yoon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143664","display_name":"Suwon Science College","ror":"https://ror.org/03zscq151","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143664"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyong Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Suwon Science College, Hwaseong 445-742, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Suwon Science College, Hwaseong 445-742, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666465","display_name":"Heejin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-7547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119060216","display_name":"Hankyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0031nsg68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119060216"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heejin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Hankyong National University,  Anseong 456-749, Korea","Department of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Hankyong National University,  Anseong 456-749, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119060216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119060216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002749965","display_name":"Mignon Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mignon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002749965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92767089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"5197","last_page":"5227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.7650402784347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7282376885414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6812015771865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6810677647590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6106926798820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5789936184883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-recognition","display_name":"Action recognition","score":0.5441173315048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.42963850498199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.403755784034729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.7650402784347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7282376885414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6812015771865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6810677647590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6106926798820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5789936184883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.5441173315048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.42963850498199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.403755784034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150305197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150305197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/5197/pdf?version=1425385935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25742172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25742172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce4a22872a154b3bb31f125fb5a558dd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce4a22872a154b3bb31f125fb5a558dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 3, Pp 5197-5227 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/3/5197/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150305197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4435222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4435222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150305197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150305197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/5197/pdf?version=1425385935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66091190","https://openalex.org/W577373822","https://openalex.org/W1446523894","https://openalex.org/W1484678121","https://openalex.org/W1526529273","https://openalex.org/W1969595749","https://openalex.org/W1981730446","https://openalex.org/W2008824967","https://openalex.org/W2008845086","https://openalex.org/W2030061193","https://openalex.org/W2044721662","https://openalex.org/W2045284424","https://openalex.org/W2054638878","https://openalex.org/W2062292098","https://openalex.org/W2062950526","https://openalex.org/W2072064926","https://openalex.org/W2072131776","https://openalex.org/W2085145797","https://openalex.org/W2095035335","https://openalex.org/W2100686575","https://openalex.org/W2103388129","https://openalex.org/W2106503382","https://openalex.org/W2106996050","https://openalex.org/W2110819057","https://openalex.org/W2112890074","https://openalex.org/W2117497855","https://openalex.org/W2120622427","https://openalex.org/W2120701504","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2132666066","https://openalex.org/W2132985428","https://openalex.org/W2135541996","https://openalex.org/W2140897751","https://openalex.org/W2146289373","https://openalex.org/W2149516292","https://openalex.org/W2152084636","https://openalex.org/W2154624311","https://openalex.org/W2155919731","https://openalex.org/W2156135524","https://openalex.org/W2158986928","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2165715280","https://openalex.org/W2168312374","https://openalex.org/W2169755315","https://openalex.org/W2257250784","https://openalex.org/W2406096265","https://openalex.org/W2407952636","https://openalex.org/W3194009423","https://openalex.org/W6680483505","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6713823472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034439647","https://openalex.org/W4249589822","https://openalex.org/W2103063669","https://openalex.org/W3184921334","https://openalex.org/W4255446307","https://openalex.org/W2033009170","https://openalex.org/W2988098900","https://openalex.org/W1576128429","https://openalex.org/W851236738","https://openalex.org/W2269464716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,40,172],"propose":[4,41],"a":[5,16,42,48,96],"new":[6],"method":[7,20,43,97,127,135,152,177],"for":[8,51,180],"spotting":[9,100],"and":[10,30,54,62,110,115,141,155,165],"recognizing":[11,181],"continuous":[12,108,182],"human":[13,183],"actions":[14,72,79,86,106,109,137,184],"using":[15,58,73],"vision":[17],"sensor.":[18],"The":[19,76],"is":[21,67,80,101,178],"comprised":[22],"of":[23,78,85,98,118],"depth-MHI-HOG":[24],"(DMH),":[25],"action":[26,28,65,99,129,163],"modeling,":[27],"spotting,":[29],"recognition.":[31],"First,":[32],"to":[33,69,103,111,153],"effectively":[34],"separate":[35],"the":[36,122,125,133,150,166,175],"foreground":[37],"from":[38,107],"background,":[39],"called":[44],"DMH.":[45],"It":[46],"includes":[47],"standard":[49],"structure":[50],"segmenting":[52],"images":[53],"extracting":[55],"features":[56],"by":[57,82,148,158],"depth":[59],"information,":[60],"MHI,":[61],"HOG.":[63],"Second,":[64],"modeling":[66,77],"performed":[68,81],"model":[70],"various":[71,170],"extracted":[74],"features.":[75],"creating":[83],"sequences":[84,91,161],"through":[87],"k-means":[88],"clustering;":[89],"these":[90],"constitute":[92],"HMM":[93],"input.":[94],"Third,":[95],"proposed":[102,126,134,151,176],"filter":[104],"meaningless":[105],"identify":[112],"precise":[113],"start":[114,140],"end":[116,142],"points":[117],"actions.":[119],"By":[120],"employing":[121,149],"spotter":[123,167],"model,":[124],"improves":[128],"recognition":[130,146],"performance.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"recognizes":[136],"based":[138],"on":[139],"points.":[143],"We":[144],"evaluate":[145],"performance":[147],"obtain":[154],"compare":[156],"probabilities":[157],"applying":[159],"input":[160],"in":[162,185],"models":[164],"model.":[168],"Through":[169],"experiments,":[171],"demonstrate":[173],"that":[174],"efficient":[179],"real":[186],"environments.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}