{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093393710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150304677","title":"Symphony: A Framework for Accurate and Holistic WSN Simulation","display_name":"Symphony: A Framework for Accurate and Holistic WSN Simulation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093393710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150304677","mag":"2093393710","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25723144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150304677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150304677","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/4677/pdf?version=1424861893","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/4677/pdf?version=1424861893","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003007186","display_name":"Laurynas Riliskis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6248-6067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laurynas Riliskis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 353 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 353 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090043052","display_name":"Evgeny Osipov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-640X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evgeny Osipov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering , Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5 971-87, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering , Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5 971-87, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003007186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":1.4688,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86521947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"4677","last_page":"4699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7585673332214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6666932702064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-stack","display_name":"Protocol stack","score":0.6661136150360107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6434478759765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5880119204521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4948720335960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-protocol","display_name":"Communications protocol","score":0.4164649546146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4142317771911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23827213048934937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7585673332214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6666932702064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.6661136150360107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6434478759765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5880119204521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4948720335960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.4164649546146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4142317771911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23827213048934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150304677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150304677","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/4677/pdf?version=1424861893","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25723144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25723144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4435200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4435200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8fc7845f3ee40799ce7912a1b78eddf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8fc7845f3ee40799ce7912a1b78eddf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 3, Pp 4677-4699 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150304677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150304677","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/4677/pdf?version=1424861893","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093393710.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093393710.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55045781","https://openalex.org/W317521241","https://openalex.org/W575841261","https://openalex.org/W635909831","https://openalex.org/W1976782015","https://openalex.org/W1985948529","https://openalex.org/W1988125112","https://openalex.org/W1991708130","https://openalex.org/W1992246527","https://openalex.org/W2001112302","https://openalex.org/W2009133028","https://openalex.org/W2023117598","https://openalex.org/W2026573020","https://openalex.org/W2027926191","https://openalex.org/W2031849950","https://openalex.org/W2036750863","https://openalex.org/W2040687142","https://openalex.org/W2046306310","https://openalex.org/W2073707478","https://openalex.org/W2106812189","https://openalex.org/W2110936068","https://openalex.org/W2114936722","https://openalex.org/W2115365500","https://openalex.org/W2121546690","https://openalex.org/W2122035570","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2127949150","https://openalex.org/W2146924294","https://openalex.org/W2147117072","https://openalex.org/W2168125208","https://openalex.org/W2170239483","https://openalex.org/W2911465586","https://openalex.org/W2999899031","https://openalex.org/W3143762821","https://openalex.org/W4213020380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387450565","https://openalex.org/W4245192176","https://openalex.org/W2011983442","https://openalex.org/W2111585779","https://openalex.org/W2461821264","https://openalex.org/W2086196867","https://openalex.org/W1924901785","https://openalex.org/W2368807682","https://openalex.org/W2377521288","https://openalex.org/W2391178614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,176],"wireless":[2],"sensor":[3],"networks":[4],"has":[5],"progressed":[6],"rapidly":[7],"over":[8],"the":[9,42,69,81,90,108,124,141,150,154,169,177],"last":[10],"decade,":[11],"and":[12,22,55,60,83,93,118,132,165,182,196],"these":[13],"technologies":[14],"have":[15,28,100,186],"been":[16,29],"widely":[17],"adopted":[18],"for":[19,38],"both":[20,116],"industrial":[21],"domestic":[23,65],"uses.":[24],"Several":[25],"operating":[26,130],"systems":[27,50],"developed,":[30],"along":[31],"with":[32,68,140,191],"a":[33,102,128,188,197],"multitude":[34],"of":[35,41,72,85,95,123,127,172,179],"network":[36,73,144],"protocols":[37],"all":[39],"layers":[40],"communication":[43],"stack.":[44],"Industrial":[45],"Wireless":[46],"Sensor":[47],"Network":[48],"(WSN)":[49],"must":[51],"satisfy":[52],"strict":[53],"criteria":[54],"are":[56],"typically":[57],"more":[58],"complex":[59],"larger":[61],"in":[62,75,162],"scale":[63],"than":[64],"systems.":[66],"Together":[67],"non-deterministic":[70],"behavior":[71],"hardware":[74,135,174],"real":[76,113,155,163],"settings,":[77],"this":[78],"greatly":[79],"complicates":[80],"debugging":[82,94],"testing":[84],"WSN":[86,97,210],"functionality.":[87],"To":[88],"facilitate":[89],"testing,":[91],"validation,":[92],"large-scale":[96],"systems,":[98],"we":[99,185],"developed":[101,187],"simulation":[103],"framework":[104,125,148,206],"that":[105,110,137,199],"accurately":[106],"reproduces":[107],"processes":[109],"occur":[111],"inside":[112],"equipment,":[114],"including":[115],"hardware-":[117],"software-induced":[119],"delays.":[120],"The":[121,204],"core":[122],"consists":[126],"virtualized":[129],"system":[131],"an":[133],"emulated":[134],"platform":[136],"is":[138],"integrated":[139],"general":[142],"purpose":[143],"simulator":[145],"ns-3.":[146],"Our":[147],"enables":[149],"user":[151],"to":[152,167],"adjust":[153],"code":[156],"base":[157],"as":[158],"would":[159],"be":[160],"done":[161],"deployments":[164],"also":[166],"test":[168],"boundary":[170],"effects":[171],"different":[173,193],"components":[175],"performance":[178],"distributed":[180],"applications":[181],"protocols.":[183],"Additionally":[184],"clock":[189],"emulator":[190],"several":[192],"skew":[194],"models":[195],"component":[198],"handles":[200],"sensory":[201],"data":[202],"feeds.":[203],"new":[205],"should":[207],"substantially":[208],"shorten":[209],"application":[211],"development":[212],"cycles.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
