{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157635980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150204264","title":"Simultaneous 2D Strain Sensing Using Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings","display_name":"Simultaneous 2D Strain Sensing Using Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157635980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150204264","mag":"2157635980","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25686313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150204264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150204264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/2/4264/pdf?version=1423813034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/2/4264/pdf?version=1423813034","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045552503","display_name":"M. Rosenberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-3545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158205","display_name":"Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sms9203","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Rosenberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg,  Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg,  Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060557590","display_name":"Waltraud Eisenbeil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158205","display_name":"Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sms9203","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waltraud Eisenbeil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg,  Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg,  Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045546590","display_name":"Bernhard Schmau\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-370X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Schmauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Cauerstrasse 9,  91058 Erlangen, Germany","Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Cauerstrasse 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-370X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Cauerstrasse 9,  91058 Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Cauerstrasse 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112900933","display_name":"Ralf Hellmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158205","display_name":"Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sms9203","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Hellmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg,  Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg,  Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburger Strasse 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045552503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.9154,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91660496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"4264","last_page":"4272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8180308938026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.7756931185722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","score":0.6962183713912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.6838359236717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating","display_name":"Grating","score":0.5267807245254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain","display_name":"Strain (injury)","score":0.5228964686393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5168979167938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.4799516499042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.47839152812957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.45601963996887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.4484163522720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2733529210090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.05422058701515198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8180308938026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.7756931185722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6962183713912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.6838359236717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.5267807245254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.5228964686393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5168979167938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.4799516499042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.47839152812957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.45601963996887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.4484163522720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2733529210090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.05422058701515198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150204264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150204264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/2/4264/pdf?version=1423813034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25686313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25686313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5a801fd3bd6140fc9af779e9ba813249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5a801fd3bd6140fc9af779e9ba813249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 2, Pp 4264-4272 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/2/4264/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150204264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4367410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4367410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150204264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150204264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/2/4264/pdf?version=1423813034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2157635980.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2157635980.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968542369","https://openalex.org/W1970518134","https://openalex.org/W1989984803","https://openalex.org/W1992588003","https://openalex.org/W1995157411","https://openalex.org/W2002479227","https://openalex.org/W2004827881","https://openalex.org/W2008854308","https://openalex.org/W2010504621","https://openalex.org/W2012038549","https://openalex.org/W2013650925","https://openalex.org/W2017365573","https://openalex.org/W2020000542","https://openalex.org/W2028366385","https://openalex.org/W2056251261","https://openalex.org/W2059329502","https://openalex.org/W2069095510","https://openalex.org/W2078967567","https://openalex.org/W2086733705","https://openalex.org/W2089148162","https://openalex.org/W2095343275","https://openalex.org/W2096668633","https://openalex.org/W2108109355","https://openalex.org/W2108329969","https://openalex.org/W2140637004","https://openalex.org/W2151066929","https://openalex.org/W4252715967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216900447","https://openalex.org/W2377366345","https://openalex.org/W2994331714","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W3134955038","https://openalex.org/W2022355223","https://openalex.org/W2052015562","https://openalex.org/W1865804546","https://openalex.org/W1986021608","https://openalex.org/W1981848649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"demonstrate":[1],"the":[2,51,54,59,62,67,72,76],"application":[3],"of":[4,53],"polymer":[5,21,99],"planar":[6,22],"Bragg":[7,23,89],"gratings":[8,90],"for":[9,37,128],"multi-axial":[10,130],"strain":[11,18,43],"sensing":[12],"and":[13,41,71,119,132],"particularly":[14],"highlight":[15],"simultaneous":[16],"2D":[17,83,125],"measurement.":[19],"A":[20],"grating":[24,68],"(PPBG)":[25],"fabricated":[26,85],"with":[27],"a":[28,82,97,104],"single":[29,98],"writing":[30,87],"step":[31],"in":[32],"bulk":[33],"polymethylmethacrylate":[34],"is":[35,48,69,79,101],"used":[36],"measuring":[38,129],"both":[39],"tensile":[40,118,131],"compressive":[42,120,133],"at":[44],"various":[45],"angles.":[46],"It":[47],"shown":[49],"that":[50],"sensitivity":[52],"PPBG":[55,84,126],"strongly":[56],"depends":[57],"on":[58],"angle":[60],"between":[61],"optical":[63],"waveguide":[64],"into":[65,96],"which":[66,75],"inscribed":[70],"direction":[73],"along":[74],"mechanical":[77],"load":[78],"applied.":[80],"Additionally,":[81],"by":[86],"two":[88,109],"angularly":[91],"displaced":[92],"from":[93],"each":[94],"other":[95],"platelet":[100],"bonded":[102],"to":[103],"stainless":[105],"steel":[106],"plate.":[107],"The":[108],"reflected":[110],"wavelengths":[111],"exhibit":[112],"different":[113],"sensitivities":[114],"while":[115],"tested":[116],"toward":[117],"strain.":[121,134],"These":[122],"characteristics":[123],"make":[124],"suitable":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
