{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062882702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150101736","title":"An Image Stabilization Optical System Using Deformable Freeform Mirrors","display_name":"An Image Stabilization Optical System Using Deformable Freeform Mirrors","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062882702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150101736","mag":"2062882702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25599423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150101736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150101736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/1736/pdf?version=1421318188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/1736/pdf?version=1421318188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110146979","display_name":"Qun Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2577-9391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089040","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Optoelectronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0099d6q96","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089040"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qun Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology,  School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology,  School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089040","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069110387","display_name":"Xuemin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-776X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China","Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103048644","display_name":"Jiqiang Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-7259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiqiang Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China","Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064371015","display_name":"Yuhua Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089040","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Optoelectronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0099d6q96","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089040"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhua Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology,  School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology,  School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089040","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110146979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I4210089040"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.0587,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91314269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"1736","last_page":"1749"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-plane","display_name":"Image plane","score":0.6672421097755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-axis","display_name":"Optical axis","score":0.6114059686660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6046953201293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-path","display_name":"Optical path","score":0.5546318292617798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5424402952194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5236240029335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","score":0.5226699709892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4832763969898224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47409185767173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4648977816104889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4465303122997284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3716796636581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2577061653137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12048766016960144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120515352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564580","display_name":"Image plane","level":3,"score":0.6672421097755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3756478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410566","display_name":"Optical axis","level":3,"score":0.6114059686660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6046953201293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31872934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417028","display_name":"Optical path","level":2,"score":0.5546318292617798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5424402952194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5236240029335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5226699709892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4832763969898224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47409185767173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4648977816104889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4465303122997284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3716796636581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2577061653137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12048766016960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150101736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150101736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/1736/pdf?version=1421318188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25599423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25599423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:de40859b836040768c26fa6242c593b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/de40859b836040768c26fa6242c593b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1736-1749 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3300880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4327100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/1/1736/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150101736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150101736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150101736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/1736/pdf?version=1421318188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2846549626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20101101110016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336024","funder_display_name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3186342337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51327005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7135284667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61275003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336024","display_name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2062882702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2062882702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160555101","https://openalex.org/W1981082173","https://openalex.org/W1984655113","https://openalex.org/W2000739784","https://openalex.org/W2002156936","https://openalex.org/W2006725024","https://openalex.org/W2010460605","https://openalex.org/W2013495889","https://openalex.org/W2013559193","https://openalex.org/W2023857564","https://openalex.org/W2025790785","https://openalex.org/W2025997226","https://openalex.org/W2033207317","https://openalex.org/W2055733694","https://openalex.org/W2062865945","https://openalex.org/W2063759821","https://openalex.org/W2065206974","https://openalex.org/W2078763713","https://openalex.org/W2086471500","https://openalex.org/W2087642700","https://openalex.org/W2090227459","https://openalex.org/W2092866028","https://openalex.org/W2106202118","https://openalex.org/W2153371837","https://openalex.org/W2159319385","https://openalex.org/W2164770148","https://openalex.org/W2167390012","https://openalex.org/W2167726092","https://openalex.org/W2168031707","https://openalex.org/W2171954517","https://openalex.org/W2282733530","https://openalex.org/W2326105438","https://openalex.org/W6684517530","https://openalex.org/W6695431051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001791615","https://openalex.org/W2110300498","https://openalex.org/W2384865487","https://openalex.org/W3103536505","https://openalex.org/W2004636560","https://openalex.org/W2063542313","https://openalex.org/W2028274146","https://openalex.org/W2120056181","https://openalex.org/W2809341902","https://openalex.org/W4327744689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"image":[1,23,29,75,103,134],"stabilization":[2,135],"optical":[3,41,59,64,84,133],"system":[4,65],"using":[5],"deformable":[6,120],"freeform":[7],"mirrors":[8,121],"is":[9,35,87,105],"proposed":[10],"that":[11],"enables":[12],"the":[13,20,39,44,58,62,78,94,97,100,109,112,115,119,130],"ray":[14,91],"sets":[15],"to":[16,27,56,107,111,128],"couple":[17],"dynamically":[18],"in":[19,77],"object":[21,69,98],"and":[22,31,43,51,71,99,138],"space.":[24],"It":[25],"aims":[26],"correct":[28],"blurring":[30],"degradation":[32],"when":[33],"there":[34],"relative":[36],"movement":[37],"between":[38,96],"imaging":[40],"axis":[42],"object.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"method,":[48],"Fermat's":[49],"principle":[50],"matrix":[52],"methods":[53],"are":[54,126],"used":[55,106,127],"describe":[57],"path":[60,85],"of":[61,118,132],"entire":[63],"with":[66,136],"a":[67,72],"shift":[68,101],"plane":[70,76],"fixed":[73],"corresponding":[74],"carrier":[79],"coordinate":[80],"system.":[81],"A":[82],"constant":[83],"length":[86],"determined":[88],"for":[89],"each":[90],"set,":[92],"so":[93],"correspondence":[95],"free":[102],"point":[104],"calculate":[108],"solution":[110],"points":[113],"on":[114],"surface":[116],"profile":[117],"(DMs).":[122],"Off-axis":[123],"three-mirror":[124],"anastigmats":[125],"demonstrate":[129],"benefits":[131],"one-":[137],"two-deformable":[139],"mirrors.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}