{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116070975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150100715","title":"Fusion of WiFi, Smartphone Sensors and Landmarks Using the Kalman Filter for Indoor Localization","display_name":"Fusion of WiFi, Smartphone Sensors and Landmarks Using the Kalman Filter for Indoor Localization","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116070975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150100715","mag":"2116070975","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25569750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150100715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150100715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/715/pdf?version=1420450344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/715/pdf?version=1420450344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080343454","display_name":"Zhenghua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-0328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. chen0832@e.ntu.edu.sg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. chen0832@e.ntu.edu.sg","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088007042","display_name":"Han Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-5211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["EXQUISITUS, Centre for E-City, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. zouh0005@ntu.edu.sg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EXQUISITUS, Centre for E-City, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. zouh0005@ntu.edu.sg","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039502751","display_name":"Hao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6902-9245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["EXQUISITUS, Centre for E-City, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. jiangh@ntu.edu.sg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EXQUISITUS, Centre for E-City, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. jiangh@ntu.edu.sg","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091379227","display_name":"Qingchang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-2911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingchang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. zhuq0004@ntu.edu.sg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. zhuq0004@ntu.edu.sg","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007180550","display_name":"Yeng Chai Soh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeng Soh","raw_affiliation_strings":["EXQUISITUS, Centre for E-City, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EYCSOH@ntu.edu.sg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EXQUISITUS, Centre for E-City, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EYCSOH@ntu.edu.sg","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365448","display_name":"Lihua Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["EXQUISITUS, Centre for E-City, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. ELHXIE@ntu.edu.sg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EXQUISITUS, Centre for E-City, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. ELHXIE@ntu.edu.sg","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080343454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":32.6737,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":376,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99792391,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"715","last_page":"732"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6944246888160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6859755516052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.6344265341758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6202449798583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.5930342078208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5720542669296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5556148886680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47714850306510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.45449936389923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43301820755004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.4273563623428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1853853166103363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10128054022789001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6944246888160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6859755516052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.6344265341758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6202449798583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.5930342078208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5720542669296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5556148886680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47714850306510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.45449936389923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43301820755004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.4273563623428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1853853166103363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10128054022789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150100715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150100715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/715/pdf?version=1420450344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25569750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25569750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e9ebb512e184cc0893bff230bcafda0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e9ebb512e184cc0893bff230bcafda0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 715-732 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/104748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/24671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt8sh1p133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sh1p133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, vol 15, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3300825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4327045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/1/715/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150100715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:qt8sh1p133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8sh1p133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chen, Zhenghua; Zou, Han; Jiang, Hao; Zhu, Qingchang; Soh, Yeng; & Xie, Lihua. Khoshelham, Kourosh; & Zlatanova, Sisi eds. (2015). Fusion of WiFi, Smartphone Sensors and Landmarks Using the Kalman Filter for Indoor Localization. Sensors, 15(1), 715 - 732. doi: 10.3390/s150100715. UC Berkeley: Center for Research in Energy Systems Transformation (CREST). Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8sh1p133","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150100715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150100715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/1/715/pdf?version=1420450344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116070975.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116070975.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581227651","https://openalex.org/W1569179667","https://openalex.org/W1579438189","https://openalex.org/W1857432874","https://openalex.org/W1891592360","https://openalex.org/W1964143319","https://openalex.org/W1976832818","https://openalex.org/W1979511389","https://openalex.org/W1993248935","https://openalex.org/W1999196773","https://openalex.org/W2001626625","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2017634428","https://openalex.org/W2020840586","https://openalex.org/W2054602086","https://openalex.org/W2055000932","https://openalex.org/W2057968074","https://openalex.org/W2070027626","https://openalex.org/W2074065303","https://openalex.org/W2085871825","https://openalex.org/W2100045669","https://openalex.org/W2106985027","https://openalex.org/W2133703638","https://openalex.org/W2134081653","https://openalex.org/W2141263318","https://openalex.org/W2154711971","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2165819529","https://openalex.org/W2478690774","https://openalex.org/W3022404379","https://openalex.org/W3146331408","https://openalex.org/W3151847906","https://openalex.org/W6668302657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W4205958986","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2586575957","https://openalex.org/W2050041763","https://openalex.org/W2118061264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Location-based":[0],"services":[1],"(LBS)":[2],"have":[3,46],"attracted":[4],"a":[5,33,97,114,127,131,138],"great":[6],"deal":[7],"of":[8,54,60,137,155,204],"attention":[9],"recently.":[10],"Outdoor":[11],"localization":[12,67,171,202],"can":[13,71,198],"be":[14,72,86],"solved":[15],"by":[16],"the":[17,52,58,81,108,122,146,153,161],"GPS":[18],"technique,":[19],"but":[20],"how":[21],"to":[22,151],"accurately":[23],"and":[24,57,83,105,172,183],"efficiently":[25],"localize":[26],"pedestrians":[27],"in":[28,80,88,126,145],"indoor":[29,66,170],"environments":[30],"is":[31,68,111,117,134,142,166],"still":[32],"challenging":[34],"problem.":[35],"Recent":[36],"techniques":[37,150],"based":[38,75],"on":[39,76,113],"WiFi":[40,55],"or":[41],"pedestrian":[42],"dead":[43],"reckoning":[44],"(PDR)":[45],"several":[47],"limiting":[48],"problems,":[49],"such":[50],"as":[51],"variation":[53],"signals":[56],"drift":[59],"PDR.":[61],"An":[62],"auxiliary":[63],"tool":[64],"for":[65,101,168],"landmarks,":[69],"which":[70,116,141],"easily":[73],"identified":[74],"specific":[77],"sensor":[78,98,123],"patterns":[79],"environment,":[82],"this":[84,93],"will":[85],"exploited":[87],"our":[89,180,192],"proposed":[90,181,193,196],"approach.":[91],"In":[92,160],"work,":[94],"we":[95,120],"propose":[96],"fusion":[99,124],"framework":[100],"combining":[102],"WiFi,":[103],"PDR":[104],"landmarks.":[106],"Since":[107],"whole":[109],"system":[110,197],"running":[112],"smartphone,":[115],"resource":[118],"limited,":[119],"formulate":[121],"problem":[125],"linear":[128],"perspective,":[129],"then":[130],"Kalman":[132],"filter":[133],"applied":[135],"instead":[136],"particle":[139],"filter,":[140],"widely":[143],"used":[144],"literature.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"novel":[149],"enhance":[152],"accuracy":[154,203],"individual":[156,184],"approaches":[157],"are":[158],"adopted.":[159],"experiments,":[162],"an":[163,200],"Android":[164],"app":[165],"developed":[167],"real-time":[169],"navigation.":[173],"A":[174],"comparison":[175],"has":[176],"been":[177],"made":[178],"between":[179],"approach":[182],"approaches.":[185],"The":[186],"results":[187],"show":[188],"significant":[189],"improvement":[190],"using":[191],"framework.":[194],"Our":[195],"provide":[199],"average":[201],"1":[205],"m.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}