{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088427144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120975","title":"Measuring Snow Liquid Water Content with Low-Cost GPS Receivers","display_name":"Measuring Snow Liquid Water Content with Low-Cost GPS Receivers","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088427144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120975","mag":"2088427144","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25384007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s141120975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20975/pdf?version=1415346614","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20975/pdf?version=1415346614","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086169949","display_name":"Franziska Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franziska Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37,  Munich 80333, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37,  Munich 80333, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009624661","display_name":"Monika Prasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0477-5893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Prasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37,  Munich 80333, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37,  Munich 80333, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042870351","display_name":"Lino Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-4191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lino Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Fl\u00fcelastr. 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Fl\u00fcelastr. 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073696695","display_name":"J\u00fcrg Schweizer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-2968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrg Schweizer","raw_affiliation_strings":["WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Fl\u00fcelastr. 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-2968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Fl\u00fcelastr. 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007301729","display_name":"Wolfram Mauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-8759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfram Mauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37,  Munich 80333, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37,  Munich 80333, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086169949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.2377,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9535668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"20975","last_page":"20999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.8863515853881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8739163279533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.739307165145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-water-content","display_name":"Liquid water content","score":0.6694308519363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.6691032648086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meltwater","display_name":"Meltwater","score":0.6457979679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5538036227226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5536947846412659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowmelt","display_name":"Snowmelt","score":0.4789479374885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4493638575077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.43000897765159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25590839982032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15977728366851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1054232120513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09294551610946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08058103919029236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.8863515853881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8739163279533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.739307165145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995540","display_name":"Liquid water content","level":3,"score":0.6694308519363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.6691032648086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207318512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360925","display_name":"Meltwater","level":3,"score":0.6457979679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5538036227226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5536947846412659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64649846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754697","display_name":"Snowmelt","level":3,"score":0.4789479374885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4493638575077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.43000897765159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25590839982032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15977728366851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1054232120513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09294551610946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08058103919029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":11,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s141120975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20975/pdf?version=1415346614","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25384007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25384007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/96355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/96355","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/96355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 14 (11)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.952.4645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.952.4645","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Franziska_Koch/publication/267865436_Measuring_Snow_Liquid_Water_Content_with_Low-Cost_GPS_Receivers/links/545b8da40cf249070a7a73da.pdf?origin%3Dpublication_detail","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.953.2836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.953.2836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20975/pdf-vor/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10a39347496b4d968a4bb41035572b38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10a39347496b4d968a4bb41035572b38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 14, Iss 11, Pp 20975-20999 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:wsl_3109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A3109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401379","display_name":"DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-epub-24154-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401845","display_name":"Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3262434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4279521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/14/11/20975/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s141120975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000096355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000096355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s141120975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20975/pdf?version=1415346614","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1215088989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200020_144390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4052232923","display_name":"Continuous upward looking radar measurements to obtain snow stratigraphy information in view of local snow avalanche forecasting","funder_award_id":"144390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G628552264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7731466693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SNF 200020_144390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2088427144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2088427144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8433024","https://openalex.org/W12019711","https://openalex.org/W77727445","https://openalex.org/W94454059","https://openalex.org/W176989141","https://openalex.org/W1484155048","https://openalex.org/W1502551258","https://openalex.org/W1861428648","https://openalex.org/W1895139980","https://openalex.org/W1906757087","https://openalex.org/W1966568147","https://openalex.org/W1976299376","https://openalex.org/W1983095182","https://openalex.org/W2003237049","https://openalex.org/W2014082923","https://openalex.org/W2016273418","https://openalex.org/W2016551070","https://openalex.org/W2023488014","https://openalex.org/W2025483388","https://openalex.org/W2037280841","https://openalex.org/W2040653147","https://openalex.org/W2045021441","https://openalex.org/W2050382746","https://openalex.org/W2051420562","https://openalex.org/W2055375015","https://openalex.org/W2062027093","https://openalex.org/W2064324466","https://openalex.org/W2066180185","https://openalex.org/W2067062355","https://openalex.org/W2067615726","https://openalex.org/W2073840594","https://openalex.org/W2078436981","https://openalex.org/W2085715769","https://openalex.org/W2091391049","https://openalex.org/W2092216403","https://openalex.org/W2094427848","https://openalex.org/W2100249436","https://openalex.org/W2102329709","https://openalex.org/W2108968002","https://openalex.org/W2113130306","https://openalex.org/W2125803887","https://openalex.org/W2133906924","https://openalex.org/W2136609996","https://openalex.org/W2146809780","https://openalex.org/W2149610901","https://openalex.org/W2164558649","https://openalex.org/W2172124270","https://openalex.org/W2586300324","https://openalex.org/W4231101305","https://openalex.org/W4235990301","https://openalex.org/W4236842684","https://openalex.org/W4253943314","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6671783958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3143951088","https://openalex.org/W2078145280","https://openalex.org/W649046675","https://openalex.org/W2747857375","https://openalex.org/W4256303722","https://openalex.org/W2110091907","https://openalex.org/W3163041848","https://openalex.org/W410173347","https://openalex.org/W2772174602","https://openalex.org/W147539271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142,161,174],"amount":[1],"of":[2,10,29,79,89,123,156,163,177],"liquid":[3,56],"water":[4,33,57],"in":[5,60,64,82,111,118,158,207],"snow":[6,61,115],"characterizes":[7],"the":[8,27,55,77,83,87,90,107,114,128,178,184,202],"wetness":[9],"a":[11,37,44,47,72,100,121,136],"snowpack.":[12],"Its":[13],"temporal":[14,175],"evolution":[15,176],"plays":[16],"an":[17],"important":[18],"role":[19],"for":[20,151,211],"wet-snow":[21],"avalanche":[22,212],"prediction,":[23],"as":[24,26,165,167],"well":[25,166],"onset":[28,162,217],"meltwater":[30],"release":[31],"and":[32,46,66,134,154,186,196],"availability":[34],"estimations":[35],"within":[36],"river":[38],"basin.":[39],"However,":[40],"it":[41],"is":[42],"still":[43],"challenge":[45],"not":[48],"yet":[49],"satisfyingly":[50],"solved":[51],"issue":[52],"to":[53,138,183,190,204],"measure":[54,122],"content":[58],"(LWC)":[59],"with":[62],"conventional":[63],"situ":[65],"remote":[67],"sensing":[68],"techniques.":[69],"We":[70],"propose":[71],"new":[73],"approach":[74,200],"based":[75,148],"on":[76,149],"attenuation":[78],"microwave":[80],"radiation":[81,157],"L-band":[84],"emitted":[85],"by":[86],"satellites":[88],"Global":[91],"Positioning":[92],"System":[93],"(GPS).":[94],"For":[95],"this":[96,199],"purpose,":[97],"we":[98,126],"performed":[99],"continuous":[101],"low-cost":[102],"GPS":[103],"measurement":[104],"experiment":[105],"at":[106],"Weissfluhjoch":[108],"test":[109],"site":[110],"Switzerland,":[112],"during":[113],"melt":[116,216],"period":[117],"2013.":[119],"As":[120],"signal":[124],"strength,":[125],"analyzed":[127],"carrier-to-noise":[129],"power":[130],"density":[131],"ratio":[132],"(C/N0)":[133],"developed":[135],"procedure":[137],"normalize":[139],"these":[140],"data.":[141,188],"bulk":[143],"volumetric":[144],"LWC":[145,179],"was":[146,180],"determined":[147],"assumptions":[150],"attenuation,":[152],"reflection":[153],"refraction":[155],"wet":[159],"snow.":[160],"melt,":[164],"daily":[168],"melt-freeze":[169],"cycles":[170],"were":[171],"clearly":[172],"detected.":[173],"closely":[181],"related":[182],"meteorological":[185],"snow-hydrological":[187],"Due":[189],"its":[191,194],"non-destructive":[192],"setup,":[193],"cost-efficiency":[195],"global":[197],"availability,":[198],"has":[201],"potential":[203],"be":[205],"implemented":[206],"distributed":[208],"sensor":[209],"networks":[210],"prediction":[213],"or":[214],"basin-wide":[215],"measurements.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
