{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028578482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120736","title":"A Target Model Construction Algorithm for Robust Real-Time Mean-Shift Tracking","display_name":"A Target Model Construction Algorithm for Robust Real-Time Mean-Shift Tracking","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028578482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120736","mag":"2028578482","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25372619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s141120736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20736/pdf?version=1415011571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20736/pdf?version=1415011571","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983493","display_name":"Yoo-Joo Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-097X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164379","display_name":"Seoul Media Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywg4h07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yoo-Joo Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Newmedia, Korean German Institute of Technology, 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil,  Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-930, Korea","Department of Newmedia, Korean German Institute of Technology, 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-930, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Newmedia, Korean German Institute of Technology, 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil,  Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-930, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Newmedia, Korean German Institute of Technology, 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-930, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102840646","display_name":"Yong-Goo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-1984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164379","display_name":"Seoul Media Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywg4h07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Goo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Newmedia, Korean German Institute of Technology, 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil,  Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-930, Korea","Department of Newmedia, Korean German Institute of Technology, 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-930, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Newmedia, Korean German Institute of Technology, 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil,  Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-930, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Newmedia, Korean German Institute of Technology, 99, Hwagok-ro 61-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-930, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101983493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9886,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.800374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"20736","last_page":"20752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-shift","display_name":"Mean-shift","score":0.7298722863197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5357346534729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48281940817832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4602692425251007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37516283988952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36319857835769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2249276340007782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48548287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803557","display_name":"Mean-shift","level":3,"score":0.7298722863197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5357346534729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48281940817832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4602692425251007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37516283988952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36319857835769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2249276340007782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s141120736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20736/pdf?version=1415011571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25372619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25372619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:25a4cf87493d48c09c7a250b729e4467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/25a4cf87493d48c09c7a250b729e4467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 14, Iss 11, Pp 20736-20752 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3262422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4279509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/14/11/20736/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s141120736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s141120736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/11/20736/pdf?version=1415011571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2590479719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIPA-2014-H0301-14-1012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G293733863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2010-TD-300802-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321640","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Knowledge Economy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321640","display_name":"Ministry of Knowledge Economy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322065","display_name":"National IT Industry Promotion Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/026v53e29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2028578482.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2028578482.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1427065515","https://openalex.org/W1552698737","https://openalex.org/W1987157115","https://openalex.org/W1995538671","https://openalex.org/W1995903777","https://openalex.org/W2022072077","https://openalex.org/W2022543007","https://openalex.org/W2038735287","https://openalex.org/W2089155985","https://openalex.org/W2101372036","https://openalex.org/W2110116545","https://openalex.org/W2132103241","https://openalex.org/W2138156462","https://openalex.org/W2140345984","https://openalex.org/W2149346582","https://openalex.org/W2151416941","https://openalex.org/W2159686856","https://openalex.org/W2170443772","https://openalex.org/W2461104673","https://openalex.org/W6628532772","https://openalex.org/W6633024054","https://openalex.org/W6676877620","https://openalex.org/W6683408539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023748438","https://openalex.org/W2351488884","https://openalex.org/W2358580902","https://openalex.org/W2348934962","https://openalex.org/W2897637803","https://openalex.org/W2379834692","https://openalex.org/W2364097328","https://openalex.org/W2353915084","https://openalex.org/W3137627078","https://openalex.org/W2349927973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mean-shift":[0],"tracking":[1],"has":[2],"gained":[3],"more":[4],"interests,":[5],"nowadays,":[6],"aided":[7],"by":[8],"its":[9],"feasibility":[10],"of":[11,42,76,97,140],"real-time":[12],"and":[13,110],"reliable":[14],"tracker":[15],"implementation.":[16],"In":[17],"order":[18],"to":[19,24,51],"reduce":[20],"background":[21,64],"clutter":[22],"interference":[23],"mean-shift":[25,120,141],"object":[26,93,103,142],"tracking,":[27],"this":[28,111],"paper":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31,52,57,66,74],"novel":[32],"indicator":[33,108],"function":[34,109],"generation":[35],"method.":[36],"The":[37,101],"proposed":[38,84,107,126],"method":[39],"takes":[40],"advantage":[41],"two":[43],"'a":[44],"priori'":[45],"knowledge":[46],"elements,":[47],"which":[48],"are":[49],"inherent":[50],"kernel":[53,99],"support":[54],"for":[55,118],"initializing":[56],"target":[58,92,115,128],"model.":[59],"Based":[60],"on":[61],"the":[62,80,83,95,98,106,125,133,138],"assured":[63],"labels,":[65],"gradient-based":[67],"label":[68],"propagation":[69],"is":[70],"performed,":[71],"resulting":[72],"in":[73],"number":[75],"objects":[77],"differentiated":[78],"from":[79],"background.":[81],"Then":[82],"region":[85,104],"growing":[86],"scheme":[87],"picks":[88],"up":[89],"one":[90],"largest":[91],"near":[94],"center":[96],"support.":[100],"grown":[102],"constitutes":[105],"allows":[112],"an":[113],"exact":[114,127],"model":[116,129],"construction":[117],"robust":[119],"tracking.":[121,143],"Simulation":[122],"results":[123],"demonstrate":[124],"could":[130],"significantly":[131],"enhance":[132],"robustness":[134],"as":[135,137],"well":[136],"accuracy":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
