{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111862268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s140101094","title":"Sensitivity Distribution Properties of a Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor to Ultrasonic Waves","display_name":"Sensitivity Distribution Properties of a Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor to Ultrasonic Waves","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111862268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s140101094","mag":"2111862268","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24412903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s140101094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s140101094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/1/1094/pdf?version=1403342754","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/1/1094/pdf?version=1403342754","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067130233","display_name":"Qi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-7117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009510681","display_name":"Yoji Okabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-6910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoji Okabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101822992","display_name":"Kazuya Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8150-6860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuya Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009198950","display_name":"Fengming Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-2499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengming Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067130233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.3404,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89991947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"1094","last_page":"1105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.8723081946372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.814541220664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7045068740844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6530182361602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.6331801414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6109914779663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5881974697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5563016533851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5542499423027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.48462042212486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-period-fiber-grating","display_name":"Long-period fiber grating","score":0.4453903138637543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.4416118562221527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.43181276321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graded-index-fiber","display_name":"Graded-index fiber","score":0.2710777521133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.16800779104232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12015992403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07904881238937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07281702756881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.06459665298461914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.8723081946372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.814541220664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7045068740844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6530182361602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.6331801414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6109914779663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5881974697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5563016533851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5542499423027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.48462042212486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190743814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578576","display_name":"Long-period fiber grating","level":5,"score":0.4453903138637543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.4416118562221527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.43181276321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113102252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591869","display_name":"Graded-index fiber","level":4,"score":0.2710777521133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.16800779104232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12015992403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07904881238937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07281702756881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06459665298461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s140101094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s140101094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/1/1094/pdf?version=1403342754","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24412903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24412903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78b2ef30fa2147f99fd28d05c27da852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78b2ef30fa2147f99fd28d05c27da852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1094-1105 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2910360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3926604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/14/1/1094/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140101094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 1094-1105","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3926604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3926604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s140101094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s140101094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/1/1094/pdf?version=1403342754","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2111862268.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2111862268.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591099171","https://openalex.org/W1971609386","https://openalex.org/W1984082990","https://openalex.org/W1998057530","https://openalex.org/W2007526731","https://openalex.org/W2016741124","https://openalex.org/W2062029922","https://openalex.org/W2087792276","https://openalex.org/W2097252157","https://openalex.org/W2117594164","https://openalex.org/W2139764866","https://openalex.org/W3087368172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400411407","https://openalex.org/W3132781215","https://openalex.org/W1974541907","https://openalex.org/W2463721724","https://openalex.org/W2363241831","https://openalex.org/W2171738254","https://openalex.org/W2528822346","https://openalex.org/W3205454610","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W2016512904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"research,":[2],"the":[3,20,37,42,50,54,66,70,102],"sensitivity":[4],"distribution":[5],"properties":[6],"of":[7,60,120],"a":[8,90],"phase-shifted":[9],"fiber":[10,98,122],"Bragg":[11],"grating":[12],"(PS-FBG)":[13],"to":[14,34,89,101],"ultrasonic":[15,45,108],"waves":[16,109],"were":[17,74,80],"investigated":[18],"employing":[19],"surface":[21],"attachment":[22,67],"method.":[23],"A":[24],"careful":[25],"consideration":[26],"was":[27],"taken":[28],"and":[29,39,44,58,69,127],"examined":[30],"by":[31,107],"experimental":[32],"results":[33,79,115],"explain":[35],"that":[36],"distances":[38],"angles":[40],"between":[41],"sensor":[43,93],"source":[46],"influence":[47],"not":[48],"only":[49],"amplitudes,":[51],"but":[52],"also":[53,75,87],"initial":[55],"phases,":[56],"waveforms,":[57],"spectra":[59],"detected":[61],"signals.":[62],"Furthermore,":[63],"factors,":[64],"including":[65],"method":[68],"material's":[71],"geometric":[72],"dimensions,":[73],"discussed.":[76],"Although":[77],"these":[78,114],"obtained":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83],"PS-FBG,":[84],"they":[85],"are":[86,116],"applicable":[88],"normal":[91],"FBG":[92],"or":[94],"even":[95],"an":[96],"optical":[97,121],"sensor,":[99],"due":[100],"identical":[103],"physical":[104],"changes":[105],"induced":[106],"in":[110,124],"all":[111],"three.":[112],"Thus,":[113],"useful":[117],"for":[118],"applications":[119],"sensors":[123],"non-destructive":[125],"testing":[126],"structural":[128],"health":[129],"monitoring.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}