{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965818214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216801","title":"Effect of Embedded Pd Microstructures on the Flat-Band-Voltage Operation of Room Temperature ZnO-Based Liquid Petroleum Gas Sensors","display_name":"Effect of Embedded Pd Microstructures on the Flat-Band-Voltage Operation of Room Temperature ZnO-Based Liquid Petroleum Gas Sensors","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965818214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216801","mag":"1965818214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16801/pdf?version=1403340149","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16801/pdf?version=1403340149","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075355998","display_name":"Ghusoon M. Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-9888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208081647","display_name":"Coastal Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/01621q256","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208081647"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152127","display_name":"Conway School of Landscape Design","ror":"https://ror.org/04q7y8a54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}],"countries":["IQ","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghusoon Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208081647","https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055586685","display_name":"Cody Thompson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208081647","display_name":"Coastal Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/01621q256","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208081647"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152127","display_name":"Conway School of Landscape Design","ror":"https://ror.org/04q7y8a54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cody Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208081647","https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055906770","display_name":"A.A. Jasim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-6322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Jasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078856416","display_name":"Isam M. Abdulbaqi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-6589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isam Abdulbaqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071897208","display_name":"James C. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5182-9439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208081647","display_name":"Coastal Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/01621q256","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208081647"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152127","display_name":"Conway School of Landscape Design","ror":"https://ror.org/04q7y8a54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208081647","https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071897208","https://openalex.org/A5075355998"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915","https://openalex.org/I208081647","https://openalex.org/I4210152127"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86641418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"16801","last_page":"16815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8347434997558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure","display_name":"Microstructure","score":0.8072841763496399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doping","display_name":"Doping","score":0.622098445892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mask","display_name":"Shadow mask","score":0.5920614004135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.5836805701255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5675113201141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schottky-diode","display_name":"Schottky diode","score":0.47986024618148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor","display_name":"Semiconductor","score":0.47702881693840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation","display_name":"Evaporation","score":0.43652915954589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.42185837030410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3487887382507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.30570322275161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15286695957183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.14364179968833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13634246587753296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8347434997558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.8072841763496399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.622098445892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776326872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192335","display_name":"Shadow mask","level":2,"score":0.5920614004135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.5836805701255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5675113201141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205200001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176066","display_name":"Schottky diode","level":3,"score":0.47986024618148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.47702881693840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61441594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814","display_name":"Evaporation","level":2,"score":0.43652915954589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.42185837030410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3487887382507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.30570322275161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15286695957183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.14364179968833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13634246587753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16801/pdf?version=1403340149","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd66e91b38af4f73a985fdf492856a27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd66e91b38af4f73a985fdf492856a27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp 16801-16815 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2881290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3892872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/13/12/16801/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s131216801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216801","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16801/pdf?version=1403340149","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1782446252","display_name":"RUI: Role of the Ambient in the Electrical Properties at the Interface for ZnO Systems","funder_award_id":"1104600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307853","display_name":"CRDF Global","ror":"https://ror.org/01zpbb709"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323041","display_name":"Arab Science and Technology Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05pzjjy67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333481","display_name":"Internal Security Fund - Police","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965818214.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965818214.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1635605861","https://openalex.org/W1965211894","https://openalex.org/W1967652077","https://openalex.org/W1968891926","https://openalex.org/W1971697832","https://openalex.org/W1989146022","https://openalex.org/W1995429528","https://openalex.org/W2001373600","https://openalex.org/W2002479576","https://openalex.org/W2012323823","https://openalex.org/W2013021764","https://openalex.org/W2015188082","https://openalex.org/W2017140335","https://openalex.org/W2018919596","https://openalex.org/W2020760717","https://openalex.org/W2021977597","https://openalex.org/W2023453569","https://openalex.org/W2031063876","https://openalex.org/W2034805863","https://openalex.org/W2037440409","https://openalex.org/W2038394792","https://openalex.org/W2038420653","https://openalex.org/W2040640998","https://openalex.org/W2040646282","https://openalex.org/W2041323675","https://openalex.org/W2045512369","https://openalex.org/W2052044751","https://openalex.org/W2055530385","https://openalex.org/W2058407064","https://openalex.org/W2062817871","https://openalex.org/W2065524879","https://openalex.org/W2069348362","https://openalex.org/W2070657610","https://openalex.org/W2077103563","https://openalex.org/W2082050515","https://openalex.org/W2083408087","https://openalex.org/W2085914722","https://openalex.org/W2091318430","https://openalex.org/W2094343113","https://openalex.org/W2098654566","https://openalex.org/W2115781321","https://openalex.org/W2118996755","https://openalex.org/W2127657505","https://openalex.org/W2186742340","https://openalex.org/W2313802855","https://openalex.org/W3121807315","https://openalex.org/W3147289055","https://openalex.org/W3203632780","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6686997452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549135464","https://openalex.org/W2883171953","https://openalex.org/W30118456","https://openalex.org/W1965330015","https://openalex.org/W1989616371","https://openalex.org/W2106498551","https://openalex.org/W2372902332","https://openalex.org/W146732205","https://openalex.org/W2130194308","https://openalex.org/W2118795442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three":[0],"methods":[1],"were":[2,25,52,70],"used":[3],"to":[4],"fabricate":[5],"ZnO-based":[6],"room":[7],"temperature":[8],"liquid":[9],"petroleum":[10],"gas":[11],"(LPG)":[12],"sensors":[13,93],"having":[14],"interdigitated":[15],"metal-semiconductor-metal":[16],"(MSM)":[17],"structures.":[18],"Specifically,":[19],"devices":[20,63],"with":[21],"Pd":[22,46,68],"Schottky":[23],"contacts":[24],"fabricated":[26],"with:":[27],"(1)":[28],"un-doped":[29,40],"ZnO":[30,35,41,50],"active":[31,36],"layers;":[32,37],"(2)":[33],"Pd-doped":[34],"and":[38],"(3)":[39],"layers":[42],"on":[43,54,73],"top":[44],"of":[45,91],"microstructure":[47,66],"arrays.":[48],"All":[49],"films":[51],"grown":[53,72],"p-type":[55],"Si(111)":[56],"substrates":[57],"by":[58,76],"the":[59,74,89,92],"sol-gel":[60],"method.":[61],"For":[62],"incorporating":[64],"a":[65,80],"array,":[67],"islands":[69],"first":[71],"substrate":[75],"thermal":[77],"evaporation":[78],"using":[79],"100":[81],"\u03bcm":[82],"mesh":[83],"shadow":[84],"mask.":[85],"We":[86],"have":[87],"estimated":[88],"sensitivity":[90],"for":[94],"applied":[95],"voltage":[96],"from":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
