{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979412718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216533","title":"A Novel Voice Sensor for the Detection of Speech Signals","display_name":"A Novel Voice Sensor for the Detection of Speech Signals","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979412718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216533","mag":"1979412718","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24316566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216533","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16533/pdf?version=1403339866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16533/pdf?version=1403339866","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033706944","display_name":"Kun-Ching Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14140830","display_name":"Shih Chien University","ror":"https://ror.org/01c3hyk82","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14140830"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun-Ching Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology & Communication, Shih Chien University,  200 University Road, Neimen, Kaohsiung 84550, Taiwan","Department of Information Technology & Communication, Shih Chien University, 200 University Road, Neimen, Kaohsiung 84550, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology & Communication, Shih Chien University,  200 University Road, Neimen, Kaohsiung 84550, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14140830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology & Communication, Shih Chien University, 200 University Road, Neimen, Kaohsiung 84550, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14140830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033706944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14140830"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05813885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"16533","last_page":"16550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.9342044591903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant","display_name":"Formant","score":0.728262186050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6971471905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.6482519507408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6222909688949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5619131326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5373986959457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-noise","display_name":"Background noise","score":0.5225412249565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.43820732831954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.43722057342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligibility","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","score":0.4185720384120941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.40041983127593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3750533163547516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3383680582046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2263454794883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14175888895988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10469618439674377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.9342044591903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.728262186050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6971471905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.6482519507408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6222909688949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5619131326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5373986959457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.5225412249565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43820732831954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.43722057342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433889","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4185720384120941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.40041983127593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3750533163547516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3383680582046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2263454794883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14175888895988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10469618439674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009622","descriptor_name":"Noise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009622","descriptor_name":"Noise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009622","descriptor_name":"Noise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216533","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16533/pdf?version=1403339866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24316566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24316566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c92c288f5ce4a74967b0fedb0da5ccb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c92c288f5ce4a74967b0fedb0da5ccb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp 16533-16550 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2881278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3892860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216533","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16533/pdf?version=1403339866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1979412718.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1979412718.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72012584","https://openalex.org/W182487737","https://openalex.org/W1600900073","https://openalex.org/W1905983571","https://openalex.org/W1965559434","https://openalex.org/W2003662252","https://openalex.org/W2023684629","https://openalex.org/W2097036989","https://openalex.org/W2104132386","https://openalex.org/W2108289863","https://openalex.org/W2112994876","https://openalex.org/W2115717467","https://openalex.org/W2119393553","https://openalex.org/W2123550723","https://openalex.org/W2129120544","https://openalex.org/W2135445137","https://openalex.org/W2148128296","https://openalex.org/W2149053750","https://openalex.org/W2149759367","https://openalex.org/W2157363431","https://openalex.org/W2158336491","https://openalex.org/W2164715564","https://openalex.org/W2535438430","https://openalex.org/W3031363333","https://openalex.org/W3112648434","https://openalex.org/W3145636786","https://openalex.org/W6641858201","https://openalex.org/W6678095277","https://openalex.org/W6786953180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025848302","https://openalex.org/W1975454382","https://openalex.org/W2799441357","https://openalex.org/W5449343","https://openalex.org/W2409530148","https://openalex.org/W2053642297","https://openalex.org/W4250508028","https://openalex.org/W2070513494","https://openalex.org/W4214896311","https://openalex.org/W1975881626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,89],"order":[1,90],"to":[2,8,20,36,60,65,91,121,178,196,213,250],"develop":[3],"a":[4,159],"novel":[5],"voice":[6,31],"sensor":[7,27],"detect":[9],"human":[10],"voices,":[11],"the":[12,38,42,48,58,67,72,97,124,134,165,184,191,197,215,218,228,239,244,274,277],"use":[13,61,144,183,209],"of":[14,41,69,74,136,167,199,230,263,276,294],"features":[15],"which":[16],"are":[17],"more":[18],"robust":[19],"noise":[21,84,220],"is":[22,28,247,258,290],"an":[23],"important":[24],"issue.":[25],"Voice":[26],"also":[29],"called":[30],"activity":[32],"detection":[33],"(VAD).":[34],"Due":[35,195],"that":[37,238,273,293],"inherent":[39],"nature":[40],"formant":[43],"structure":[44],"only":[45],"occurred":[46],"on":[47,77,105,138],"speech":[49,149,202,226],"spectrogram":[50],"(well-known":[51],"as":[52,158],"voiceprint),":[53],"Wu":[54],"et":[55],"al.":[56],"were":[57],"first":[59],"band-spectral":[62],"entropy":[63,101],"(BSE)":[64],"describe":[66],"characteristics":[68,135,198],"voiceprints.":[70],"However,":[71],"performance":[73],"VAD":[75,126,256,280,297],"based":[76,104],"BSE":[78],"feature":[79,241],"was":[80],"degraded":[81],"in":[82,193],"colored":[83],"(or":[85],"voiceprint-like":[86],"noise)":[87],"environments.":[88],"solve":[92],"this":[93],"problem,":[94],"we":[95,206],"propose":[96],"two-dimensional":[98],"part-band":[99,108,186],"energy":[100,187],"(TD-PBEE)":[102],"parameter":[103,154,161,246],"two":[106,129],"variables:":[107],"partition":[109],"number":[110],"upon":[111,118],"frequency":[112,141],"index":[113,120],"and":[114,143,203,265,286],"long-term":[115,145,210,233],"window":[116],"size":[117],"time":[119],"further":[122],"improve":[123],"BSE-based":[125],"algorithm.":[127],"The":[128,152,253],"variables":[130],"can":[131,155,169,182,221],"efficiently":[132],"represent":[133],"voiceprints":[137,168,192],"each":[139],"critical":[140],"band":[142],"information":[146,211],"for":[147,189,201,260],"noisy":[148,225],"spectrograms,":[150],"respectively.":[151],"TD-PBEE":[153,245],"be":[156,170,222],"regarded":[157],"PBEE":[160,231],"over":[162,283],"time.":[163],"First,":[164],"strength":[166],"partly":[171],"enhanced":[172],"by":[173],"using":[174],"four":[175,179,185,261],"entropies":[176,188],"applied":[177],"part-bands.":[180],"We":[181,271],"describing":[190],"detail.":[194],"non-stationary":[200],"various":[204],"noises,":[205],"will":[207],"then":[208],"processing":[212],"refine":[214],"PBEE,":[216],"so":[217],"voice-like":[219],"distinguished":[223],"from":[224],"through":[227],"concept":[229],"with":[232,243],"information.":[234],"Our":[235],"experiments":[236],"show":[237],"proposed":[240,254,278],"extraction":[242],"quite":[248],"insensitive":[249],"background":[251],"noise.":[252],"TD-PBEE-based":[255,279],"algorithm":[257,281],"evaluated":[259],"types":[262],"noises":[264,285],"five":[266],"signal-to-noise":[267],"ratio":[268],"(SNR)":[269],"levels.":[270],"find":[272],"accuracy":[275],"averaged":[282],"all":[284,287],"SNR":[288],"levels":[289],"better":[291],"than":[292],"other":[295],"considered":[296],"algorithms.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}