{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067032244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216474","title":"A Region Tracking-Based Vehicle Detection Algorithm in Nighttime Traffic Scenes","display_name":"A Region Tracking-Based Vehicle Detection Algorithm in Nighttime Traffic Scenes","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067032244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216474","mag":"2067032244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216474","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16474/pdf?version=1403339825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16474/pdf?version=1403339825","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436368","display_name":"Jianqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4363-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University,  Beijing 100084, China","State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University,  Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656312","display_name":"Xiaoyan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-6853"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou INVO Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215200, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou INVO Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215200, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100530817","display_name":"Junbin Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130660","display_name":"Xi'an High Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vt7za95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University,  Beijing 100084, China","Xi'an Institute of High-Tech, Xi'an 710025, China","State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University,  Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of High-Tech, Xi'an 710025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100436368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":6.9111,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9626355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"16474","last_page":"16493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976186037063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5820472836494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5798737406730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5753363966941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.543430507183075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.527126133441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5249621272087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5202335119247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.517196774482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.46982836723327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.42277389764785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.13679519295692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06935253739356995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976186037063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5820472836494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5798737406730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5753363966941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.543430507183075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.527126133441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5249621272087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5202335119247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.517196774482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.46982836723327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.42277389764785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.13679519295692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06935253739356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216474","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16474/pdf?version=1403339825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3453d3aa08694f0e9cc7be6e0931ee32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3453d3aa08694f0e9cc7be6e0931ee32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp 16474-16493 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2881267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3892849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/13/12/16474/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s131216474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216474","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16474/pdf?version=1403339825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G320988264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012AA111901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7761366248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51175290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2067032244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2067032244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93351614","https://openalex.org/W200376344","https://openalex.org/W1603094831","https://openalex.org/W1968850857","https://openalex.org/W1997941724","https://openalex.org/W1999420760","https://openalex.org/W2065247337","https://openalex.org/W2072249284","https://openalex.org/W2078783643","https://openalex.org/W2092186337","https://openalex.org/W2094198769","https://openalex.org/W2098296561","https://openalex.org/W2099610521","https://openalex.org/W2102422202","https://openalex.org/W2121487475","https://openalex.org/W2124798378","https://openalex.org/W2127782573","https://openalex.org/W2131963406","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133712799","https://openalex.org/W2147320665","https://openalex.org/W2148392562","https://openalex.org/W2149129304","https://openalex.org/W2163836628","https://openalex.org/W2165051421","https://openalex.org/W2276135049","https://openalex.org/W2331476253","https://openalex.org/W2384898530","https://openalex.org/W2406254139","https://openalex.org/W6680096826","https://openalex.org/W6683581215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387055199","https://openalex.org/W2313061941","https://openalex.org/W2588661485","https://openalex.org/W1953485902","https://openalex.org/W2052546562","https://openalex.org/W3175896399","https://openalex.org/W2605640648","https://openalex.org/W2977517636","https://openalex.org/W1969179582","https://openalex.org/W2810129309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,154],"preceding":[1],"vehicles":[2],"detection":[3,27,54,103,168,174],"technique":[4],"in":[5,86,96,114],"nighttime":[6,41],"traffic":[7],"scenes":[8],"is":[9,42,65,72,93],"an":[10],"important":[11],"part":[12],"of":[13,37,83,122,150],"the":[14,30,35,38,45,51,60,63,79,84,87,91,97,102,107,111,115,118,123,134,144,148,151,158,165,171],"advanced":[15],"driver":[16],"assistance":[17],"system":[18],"(ADAS).":[19],"This":[20,99],"paper":[21],"proposes":[22],"a":[23,67,128],"region":[24,81],"tracking-based":[25],"vehicle":[26,64,76,85,92],"algorithm":[28,55,160],"via":[29],"image":[31],"processing":[32],"technique.":[33],"First,":[34],"brightness":[36],"taillights":[39],"during":[40],"used":[43],"as":[44],"typical":[46],"feature,":[47],"and":[48,58,78,105,117,146,170],"we":[49,126],"use":[50],"existing":[52],"global":[53],"to":[56,74,132,142],"detect":[57],"pair":[59],"taillights.":[61],"When":[62],"detected,":[66],"time":[68,104],"series":[69],"analysis":[70],"model":[71],"introduced":[73],"predict":[75],"positions":[77],"possible":[80],"(PR)":[82],"next":[88],"frame.":[89],"Then,":[90],"only":[94],"detected":[95],"PR.":[98,124],"could":[100],"reduce":[101,163],"avoid":[106],"false":[108,166,172],"pairing":[109],"between":[110],"bright":[112,119],"spots":[113,120],"PR":[116],"out":[121],"Additionally,":[125],"present":[127],"thresholds":[129,135],"updating":[130],"method":[131],"make":[133],"adaptive.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"experimental":[138],"studies":[139],"are":[140],"provided":[141],"demonstrate":[143],"application":[145],"substantiate":[147],"superiority":[149],"proposed":[152,159],"algorithm.":[153],"results":[155],"show":[156],"that":[157],"can":[161],"simultaneously":[162],"both":[164],"negative":[167],"rate":[169],"positive":[173],"rate.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
