{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103323677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216406","title":"Performance Improvement of Receivers Based on Ultra-Tight Integration in GNSS-Challenged Environments","display_name":"Performance Improvement of Receivers Based on Ultra-Tight Integration in GNSS-Challenged Environments","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103323677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216406","mag":"2103323677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216406","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16406/pdf?version=1403339730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16406/pdf?version=1403339730","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100916106","display_name":"Feng Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055558224","display_name":"Xingqun Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-067X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingqun Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046647459","display_name":"Gang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-8021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055558224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":34.9389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99254962,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"16406","last_page":"16423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9520506858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.6216624975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5938319563865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.5313530564308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-error","display_name":"Tracking error","score":0.5279012322425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.46923714876174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.45759257674217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.43849870562553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4378660023212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4340238571166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.42515137791633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3775012195110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3733178973197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25549909472465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.19586822390556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1679699718952179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.13322114944458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1182330846786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08992904424667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.0773608386516571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9520506858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.6216624975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5938319563865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.5313530564308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.5279012322425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.46923714876174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.45759257674217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.43849870562553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4378660023212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4340238571166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.42515137791633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3775012195110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3733178973197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25549909472465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.19586822390556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1679699718952179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.13322114944458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1182330846786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08992904424667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0773608386516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216406","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16406/pdf?version=1403339730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b36601583ad48a9b828c90e3d402a65","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b36601583ad48a9b828c90e3d402a65","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp 16406-16423 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2881286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3892868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/13/12/16406/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s131216406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 13; Issue 12; Pages: 16406-16423","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131216406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131216406","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/12/16406/pdf?version=1403339730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2350164097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011AA120503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","funder_display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103323677.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103323677.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485712087","https://openalex.org/W1540489332","https://openalex.org/W1579438189","https://openalex.org/W1991096748","https://openalex.org/W2019245242","https://openalex.org/W2019853635","https://openalex.org/W2045454739","https://openalex.org/W2052012089","https://openalex.org/W2082037664","https://openalex.org/W2130666280","https://openalex.org/W2131236830","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2138546031","https://openalex.org/W2140847707","https://openalex.org/W2140908852","https://openalex.org/W2165729006","https://openalex.org/W2181490969","https://openalex.org/W2330476556","https://openalex.org/W2595960745","https://openalex.org/W2596377192","https://openalex.org/W2614256769","https://openalex.org/W2634635220","https://openalex.org/W3134639711","https://openalex.org/W3134772976","https://openalex.org/W6790828525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111396174","https://openalex.org/W2159868000","https://openalex.org/W4387400587","https://openalex.org/W2524816934","https://openalex.org/W2134359053","https://openalex.org/W2364356564","https://openalex.org/W2963814634","https://openalex.org/W3205180365","https://openalex.org/W2109997931","https://openalex.org/W2546516037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultra-tight":[0],"integration":[1],"was":[2],"first":[3],"proposed":[4],"by":[5,36,142,177,188],"Abbott":[6],"in":[7,41,56,128],"2003":[8],"with":[9],"the":[10,30,38,47,57,79,83,90,94,98,103,111,115,122,129,135,146,150,154,160,163,172,178],"purpose":[11],"of":[12,33,49,62,82,102,114,153,162,181],"integrating":[13],"a":[14,34,63],"global":[15],"navigation":[16,23],"satellite":[17],"system":[18,24],"(GNSS)":[19],"and":[20,66,140,159,175],"an":[21,67,143],"inertial":[22,165],"(INS).":[25],"This":[26],"technology":[27],"can":[28],"improve":[29],"tracking":[31,39,80,116,123,151],"performances":[32,81,152],"receiver":[35,65,71,133,158],"reconfiguring":[37],"loops":[40,60],"GNSS-challenged":[42],"environments.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"models":[48,174],"all":[50],"error":[51,100,112,124,173,179],"sources":[52],"known":[53],"to":[54,88,93,109],"date":[55],"phase":[58],"lock":[59],"(PLLs)":[61],"standard":[64],"ultra-tightly":[68,130,155,183],"integrated":[69,131,156,184],"GNSS/INS":[70,132,157,185],"are":[72,86,106,138],"built,":[73],"respectively.":[74],"Based":[75],"on":[76],"these":[77],"models,":[78],"two":[84,104],"receivers":[85,105,186],"compared":[87],"verify":[89],"improvement":[91],"due":[92],"ultra-tight":[95],"integration.":[96],"Meanwhile,":[97],"PLL":[99],"distributions":[101],"also":[107],"depicted":[108],"analyze":[110],"changes":[113],"loops.":[117],"These":[118],"results":[119],"show":[120],"that":[121],"is":[125,169],"significantly":[126],"reduced":[127],"since":[134],"receiver\u2019s":[136],"dynamics":[137],"estimated":[139],"compensated":[141],"INS.":[144],"Moreover,":[145],"mathematical":[147],"relationship":[148],"between":[149],"quality":[161],"selected":[164],"measurement":[166],"unit":[167],"(IMU)":[168],"derived":[170],"from":[171],"proved":[176],"comparisons":[180],"four":[182],"aided":[187],"different":[189],"grade":[190],"IMUs.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}