{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2061338905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131114662","title":"Discriminating Crop, Weeds and Soil Surface with a Terrestrial LIDAR Sensor","display_name":"Discriminating Crop, Weeds and Soil Surface with a Terrestrial LIDAR Sensor","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2061338905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131114662","mag":"2061338905","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24172283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131114662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131114662","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/11/14662/pdf?version=1403337390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/11/14662/pdf?version=1403337390","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027664422","display_name":"Dionisio And\u00fajar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-0944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dionisio And\u00fajar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Weed Science (360b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Weed Science (360b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031160791","display_name":"V\u00edctor Rueda-Ayala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-8276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victor Rueda-Ayala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Weed Science (360b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Weed Science (360b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101921603","display_name":"Hugo Moreno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8539-6301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Section Instrumentation & Test Engineering (440c), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Section Instrumentation & Test Engineering (440c), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016068388","display_name":"Joan R. Rosell-Polo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-2830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15766328","display_name":"Universitat de Lleida","ror":"https://ror.org/050c3cw24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15766328"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Rosell-Polo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, Research Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, Research Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15766328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089775606","display_name":"Alexandre Escol\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-5471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15766328","display_name":"Universitat de Lleida","ror":"https://ror.org/050c3cw24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15766328"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Escol\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, Research Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-5471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, Research Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15766328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060142166","display_name":"Constantino Valero Ubierna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantino Valero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politechnic University of Madrid, E.T.S.I. Agr\u00f3nomos, Madrid 28040, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politechnic University of Madrid, E.T.S.I. Agr\u00f3nomos, Madrid 28040, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081797414","display_name":"Roland Gerhards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Gerhards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Weed Science (360b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Weed Science (360b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029236536","display_name":"C\u00e9sar Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Quintanilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2886-9176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109820","display_name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias","ror":"https://ror.org/01q9drc95","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210109820"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9sar Fern\u00e1ndez-Quintanilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Sciences, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018115985","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Dorado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-2562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109820","display_name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias","ror":"https://ror.org/01q9drc95","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210109820"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Dorado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Sciences, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-2562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049409924","display_name":"Hans W. Griepentrog","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-055X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Werner Griepentrog","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Section Instrumentation & Test Engineering (440c), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Section Instrumentation & Test Engineering (440c), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031160791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.6564,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88468206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"14662","last_page":"14675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9358000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7109993696212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6271157264709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6157132983207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.6036568880081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.3887152671813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.3669939637184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.32228100299835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17690116167068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16324681043624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13812756538391113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7109993696212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6271157264709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6157132983207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.6036568880081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3887152671813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3669939637184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.32228100299835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17690116167068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16324681043624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13812756538391113}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057685","descriptor_name":"Plant Weeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057685","descriptor_name":"Plant Weeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057685","descriptor_name":"Plant Weeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057685","descriptor_name":"Plant Weeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057685","descriptor_name":"Plant Weeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057685","descriptor_name":"Plant Weeds","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131114662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131114662","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/11/14662/pdf?version=1403337390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24172283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24172283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:raudl_______::cbe00d6cdaa21396ef23e7fa587a7748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/46862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/109044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/109044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"art\u00edculo"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7eef25b8882a4a36a4a0935f68a952a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7eef25b8882a4a36a4a0935f68a952a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 13, Iss 11, Pp 14662-14675 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2855441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3871132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/13/11/14662/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s131114662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 14662-14675","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s131114662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s131114662","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/11/14662/pdf?version=1403337390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2061338905.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2061338905.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125362319","https://openalex.org/W1604289164","https://openalex.org/W1863411004","https://openalex.org/W1936412747","https://openalex.org/W1984566145","https://openalex.org/W2001928757","https://openalex.org/W2008494918","https://openalex.org/W2009693030","https://openalex.org/W2012605944","https://openalex.org/W2022376010","https://openalex.org/W2026720350","https://openalex.org/W2037304439","https://openalex.org/W2040413668","https://openalex.org/W2047810563","https://openalex.org/W2073086743","https://openalex.org/W2074555891","https://openalex.org/W2093385295","https://openalex.org/W2112872473","https://openalex.org/W2120556640","https://openalex.org/W2122400352","https://openalex.org/W2135887161","https://openalex.org/W2146015328","https://openalex.org/W2148900376","https://openalex.org/W2155652607","https://openalex.org/W2157685395","https://openalex.org/W2157925476","https://openalex.org/W2162980345","https://openalex.org/W2528042646","https://openalex.org/W6683075904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,241],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"the":[3,6,61,71,95,126,134,142,149,156,208,220,223,227,232,290],"evaluation":[4],"of":[5,10,70,99,136,152,166,181,222,229,237,294],"accuracy":[7,221,236,293],"and":[8,14,22,28,32,133,161,194,207,213,255,265,292],"performance":[9],"a":[11,42,48,54,68,81,122,145,187,243,259,272],"light":[12],"detection":[13],"ranging":[15],"(LIDAR)":[16],"sensor":[17,56,118,209],"for":[18,275],"vegetation":[19,230,256],"using":[20,57,170],"distance":[21],"reflection":[23,162,214],"measurements":[24],"aiming":[25],"to":[26,93,125,141,218,239,250,258],"detect":[27],"discriminate":[29,251],"maize":[30,49,82],"plants":[31,167],"weeds":[33],"from":[34,231],"soil":[35,254],"surface":[36],"was":[37,77,119,216,248],"done.":[38],"The":[39,64,75,267],"study":[40],"continues":[41],"previous":[43],"work":[44],"carried":[45,78],"out":[46,79],"in":[47,51,80,279],"field":[50,83,135],"Spain":[52],"with":[53,129,148,234,281],"LIDAR":[55,117,157,191],"exclusively":[58],"one":[59],"index,":[60],"height":[62,193,212],"profile.":[63],"current":[65],"system":[66,274],"uses":[67],"combination":[69,280],"two":[72],"mentioned":[73],"indexes.":[74],"experiment":[76],"at":[84,88],"growth":[85],"stage":[86],"12-14,":[87],"16":[89],"different":[90],"locations":[91],"selected":[92],"represent":[94],"widest":[96],"possible":[97],"density":[98],"three":[100],"weeds:":[101],"Echinochloa":[102],"crus-galli":[103],"(L.)":[104],"P.Beauv.,":[105],"Lamium":[106],"purpureum":[107],"L.,":[108],"Galium":[109],"aparine":[110],"L.and":[111],"Veronica":[112],"persica":[113],"Poir..":[114],"A":[115],"terrestrial":[116],"mounted":[120],"on":[121],"tripod":[123],"pointing":[124,138],"inter-row":[127],"area,":[128],"its":[130],"horizontal":[131],"axis":[132],"view":[137],"vertically":[139],"downwards":[140],"ground,":[143],"scanning":[144],"vertical":[146],"plane":[147],"potential":[150],"presence":[151],"vegetation.":[153],"Immediately":[154],"after":[155],"data":[158],"acquisition":[159],"(distances":[160],"measurements),":[163],"actual":[164,195],"heights":[165,197],"were":[168,179],"estimated":[169],"an":[171,235],"appropriate":[172],"methodology.":[173],"For":[174],"that":[175],"purpose,":[176],"digital":[177],"images":[178],"taken":[180],"each":[182],"sampled":[183],"area.":[184],"Data":[185],"showed":[186],"high":[188],"correlation":[189],"between":[190,204,253,263],"measured":[192],"plant":[196],"(R2":[198],"=":[199],"0.75).":[200],"Binary":[201],"logistic":[202],"regression":[203],"weed":[205,276],"presence/absence":[206],"readings":[210],"(LIDAR":[211],"values)":[215],"used":[217],"validate":[219],"sensor.":[224],"This":[225],"permitted":[226],"discrimination":[228],"ground":[233],"up":[238],"95%.":[240],"addition,":[242],"Canonical":[244],"Discrimination":[245],"Analysis":[246],"(CDA)":[247],"able":[249],"mostly":[252],"and,":[257],"far":[260],"lesser":[261],"extent,":[262],"crop":[264],"weeds.":[266],"studied":[268],"methodology":[269],"arises":[270],"as":[271,285],"good":[273],"detection,":[277],"which":[278],"other":[282],"principles,":[283],"such":[284],"vision-based":[286],"technologies,":[287],"could":[288],"improve":[289],"efficiency":[291],"herbicide":[295],"spraying.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}