{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100474162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130606957","title":"In vivo X-Ray Computed Tomographic Imaging of Soft Tissue with Native, Intravenous, or Oral Contrast","display_name":"In vivo X-Ray Computed Tomographic Imaging of Soft Tissue with Native, Intravenous, or Oral Contrast","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100474162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130606957","mag":"2100474162","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23711461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130606957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130606957","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/6/6957/pdf?version=1403327879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/6/6957/pdf?version=1403327879","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010879964","display_name":"Connor Wathen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-7741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connor Wathen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009594472","display_name":"Nathan Foje","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Foje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall,  University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall,  University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082646315","display_name":"Tony Van Avermaete","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Avermaete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall,  University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","Penn High School, 55900 Bittersweet Road, Mishawaka, IN 46545, USA","Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall,  University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn High School, 55900 Bittersweet Road, Mishawaka, IN 46545, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038709882","display_name":"Bernadette Miramontes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6655-2428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernadette Miramontes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall,  University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","Penn High School, 55900 Bittersweet Road, Mishawaka, IN 46545, USA","Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall,  University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn High School, 55900 Bittersweet Road, Mishawaka, IN 46545, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067379002","display_name":"Sarah E. Chapaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Chapaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067390664","display_name":"Todd Sasser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193170854","display_name":"Bruker (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04r739x86","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193170854"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Sasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bruker-Biospin Corporation, 4 Research Drive, Woodbridge, CT 06525, USA","Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall,  University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bruker-Biospin Corporation, 4 Research Drive, Woodbridge, CT 06525, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193170854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall,  University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066068081","display_name":"Raghuraman Kannan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-3797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghuraman Kannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005072919","display_name":"Steven Gerstler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110094","display_name":"St. Joseph Regional Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01wnzxq37","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293406163","https://openalex.org/I4210110094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Gerstler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN 46545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN 46545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001102675","display_name":"W. Matthew Leevy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709205","display_name":"Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/030jvtg87","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228","https://openalex.org/I4394709205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Leevy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","Harper Cancer Research Institute, A200 Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46530, USA","Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harper Cancer Research Institute, A200 Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46530, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001102675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228","https://openalex.org/I4394709205"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":2.6715,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89276416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"6957","last_page":"6980"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-tissue","display_name":"Soft tissue","score":0.6879269480705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vivo","display_name":"In vivo","score":0.4891569912433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.4682275652885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4551517963409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.44827908277511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.4351993203163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.419999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preclinical-imaging","display_name":"Preclinical imaging","score":0.4125257730484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.4065791666507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3874601125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.3606322109699249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32617270946502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20126855373382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.19001907110214233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136948725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458306","display_name":"Soft tissue","level":2,"score":0.6879269480705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.4891569912433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4682275652885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4551517963409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.44827908277511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4351993203163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.419999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29331040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239554","display_name":"Preclinical imaging","level":3,"score":0.4125257730484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4065791666507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3874601125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3606322109699249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32617270946502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20126855373382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19001907110214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003287","descriptor_name":"Contrast Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007275","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007275","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007275","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D041981","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Tract","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041981","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Tract","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041981","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Tract","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130606957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130606957","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/6/6957/pdf?version=1403327879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23711461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23711461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2714041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3715264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.310.149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.310.149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/6/6957/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed5dd8b003f14119882c321fbcc36ce8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed5dd8b003f14119882c321fbcc36ce8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 13, Iss 6, Pp 6957-6980 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/13/6/6957/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130606957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 13; Issue 6; Pages: 6957-6980","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130606957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130606957","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/6/6957/pdf?version=1403327879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333901","display_name":"Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2100474162.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2100474162.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523155649","https://openalex.org/W1523669306","https://openalex.org/W1592205452","https://openalex.org/W1875457868","https://openalex.org/W1963814384","https://openalex.org/W1964333485","https://openalex.org/W1964426997","https://openalex.org/W1968974963","https://openalex.org/W1968979251","https://openalex.org/W1969111708","https://openalex.org/W1970346961","https://openalex.org/W1972467563","https://openalex.org/W1974252669","https://openalex.org/W1978760292","https://openalex.org/W1981584086","https://openalex.org/W1983827779","https://openalex.org/W1988757230","https://openalex.org/W1991922188","https://openalex.org/W1992483135","https://openalex.org/W1992906111","https://openalex.org/W1998442503","https://openalex.org/W2002439878","https://openalex.org/W2004179302","https://openalex.org/W2012333996","https://openalex.org/W2012696371","https://openalex.org/W2013893262","https://openalex.org/W2014238143","https://openalex.org/W2016829908","https://openalex.org/W2018412725","https://openalex.org/W2020619218","https://openalex.org/W2025753837","https://openalex.org/W2025850190","https://openalex.org/W2027484414","https://openalex.org/W2027501503","https://openalex.org/W2029030011","https://openalex.org/W2029287617","https://openalex.org/W2034061903","https://openalex.org/W2034445134","https://openalex.org/W2037297497","https://openalex.org/W2038075316","https://openalex.org/W2041537159","https://openalex.org/W2044754414","https://openalex.org/W2046867713","https://openalex.org/W2047604904","https://openalex.org/W2050130340","https://openalex.org/W2051550550","https://openalex.org/W2053686058","https://openalex.org/W2054990794","https://openalex.org/W2055128693","https://openalex.org/W2055853749","https://openalex.org/W2056953205","https://openalex.org/W2058669670","https://openalex.org/W2058754065","https://openalex.org/W2061475647","https://openalex.org/W2064749188","https://openalex.org/W2067191651","https://openalex.org/W2073502454","https://openalex.org/W2074516898","https://openalex.org/W2079668804","https://openalex.org/W2080799622","https://openalex.org/W2081322703","https://openalex.org/W2082535652","https://openalex.org/W2083793124","https://openalex.org/W2089546842","https://openalex.org/W2094464340","https://openalex.org/W2096722578","https://openalex.org/W2100943457","https://openalex.org/W2106787323","https://openalex.org/W2116692231","https://openalex.org/W2118417242","https://openalex.org/W2119232786","https://openalex.org/W2119826342","https://openalex.org/W2120335459","https://openalex.org/W2122691717","https://openalex.org/W2125753084","https://openalex.org/W2129898448","https://openalex.org/W2138825607","https://openalex.org/W2146214612","https://openalex.org/W2147470041","https://openalex.org/W2147479705","https://openalex.org/W2148775856","https://openalex.org/W2148948255","https://openalex.org/W2155000597","https://openalex.org/W2157041918","https://openalex.org/W2161803416","https://openalex.org/W2164895974","https://openalex.org/W2168645634","https://openalex.org/W2168947486","https://openalex.org/W2171175832","https://openalex.org/W2171439501","https://openalex.org/W2323059007","https://openalex.org/W2418998453","https://openalex.org/W2917373968","https://openalex.org/W2917600742","https://openalex.org/W2917647036","https://openalex.org/W3026127429","https://openalex.org/W3146464658","https://openalex.org/W4205542569","https://openalex.org/W4212956217","https://openalex.org/W4255040454","https://openalex.org/W6659005734","https://openalex.org/W6664254042","https://openalex.org/W6666297078","https://openalex.org/W6677710463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069592018","https://openalex.org/W2075740387","https://openalex.org/W2358990940","https://openalex.org/W2004323682","https://openalex.org/W2093931120","https://openalex.org/W2349116365","https://openalex.org/W3021708704","https://openalex.org/W2004231473","https://openalex.org/W2060895226","https://openalex.org/W3043253825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"X-ray":[0,128],"Computed":[1],"Tomography":[2],"(CT)":[3],"is":[4,45,76],"one":[5,91],"of":[6,43,93,109,118,131,136,150,163,198,219,230],"the":[7,102,116,147,181,224],"most":[8],"commonly":[9],"utilized":[10],"anatomical":[11,148,236],"imaging":[12,130,229],"modalities":[13],"for":[14,34],"both":[15,108],"research":[16],"and":[17,79,145,169,195],"clinical":[18],"purposes.":[19],"CT":[20,44,64,129],"combines":[21],"high-resolution,":[22],"three-dimensional":[23],"data":[24],"with":[25,211],"relatively":[26],"fast":[27],"acquisition":[28],"to":[29,48,67,115,126,142,166,173,184],"provide":[30],"a":[31,63,87,134,174],"solid":[32],"platform":[33],"non-invasive":[35],"human":[36],"or":[37,120,160,205,208],"specimen":[38],"imaging.":[39],"The":[40],"primary":[41],"limitation":[42],"its":[46,68],"inability":[47],"distinguish":[49],"many":[50,80],"soft":[51,74,94],"tissues":[52,197],"based":[53],"on":[54],"native":[55],"contrast.":[56],"While":[57],"bone":[58],"has":[59],"high":[60],"contrast":[61,137,172],"within":[62],"image":[65],"due":[66],"material":[69],"density":[70],"from":[71,96],"calcium":[72],"phosphate,":[73],"tissue":[75,95],"less":[77],"dense":[78],"are":[81],"homogenous":[82],"in":[83,89,227],"density.":[84],"This":[85],"presents":[86],"challenge":[88],"distinguishing":[90],"type":[92],"another.":[97],"A":[98],"couple":[99],"exceptions":[100],"include":[101],"lungs":[103],"as":[104,106],"well":[105],"fat,":[107,187],"which":[110],"have":[111,139],"unique":[112],"densities":[113],"owing":[114],"presence":[117],"air":[119],"bulk":[121],"hydrocarbons,":[122],"respectively.":[123],"In":[124],"order":[125],"facilitate":[127,223],"other":[132],"structures,":[133],"range":[135],"agents":[138,154,210],"been":[140],"developed":[141],"selectively":[143],"identify":[144],"visualize":[146,185],"properties":[149],"individual":[151],"tissues.":[152],"Most":[153],"incorporate":[155],"atoms":[156],"like":[157],"iodine,":[158],"gold,":[159],"barium":[161],"because":[162],"their":[164],"ability":[165],"absorb":[167],"X-rays,":[168],"thus":[170],"impart":[171],"given":[175],"organ":[176],"system.":[177],"Here":[178],"we":[179,215],"review":[180],"strategies":[182],"available":[183],"lung,":[186],"brain,":[188],"kidney,":[189],"liver,":[190],"spleen,":[191],"vasculature,":[192],"gastrointestinal":[193],"tract,":[194],"liver":[196],"living":[199],"mice":[200],"using":[201],"either":[202],"innate":[203],"contrast,":[204],"commercial":[206],"injectable":[207],"ingestible":[209],"selective":[212],"perfusion.":[213],"Further,":[214],"demonstrate":[216],"how":[217],"each":[218,235],"these":[220],"approaches":[221],"will":[222],"non-invasive,":[225],"longitudinal,":[226],"vivo":[228],"pre-clinical":[231],"disease":[232],"models":[233],"at":[234],"site.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}