{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089205159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130506636","title":"Radar Tracking with an Interacting Multiple Model and Probabilistic Data Association Filter for Civil Aviation Applications","display_name":"Radar Tracking with an Interacting Multiple Model and Probabilistic Data Association Filter for Civil Aviation Applications","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089205159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130506636","mag":"2089205159","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23686142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130506636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130506636","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/5/6636/pdf?version=1403327580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/5/6636/pdf?version=1403327580","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068832268","display_name":"Shau\u2010Shiun Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shau-Shiun Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Civil Aviation, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Civil Aviation, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109201964","display_name":"Yu-Chun Kao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chun Kao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Civil Aviation, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Civil Aviation, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068832268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4706,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90557995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"6636","last_page":"6650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6280953884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6272432804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5709416270256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-aviation","display_name":"Civil aviation","score":0.5351589322090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5093590021133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-traffic-control","display_name":"Air traffic control","score":0.49762895703315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.46170881390571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4581138491630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.32993417978286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29016953706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24973252415657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10545578598976135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6280953884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6272432804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5709416270256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512918668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206814","display_name":"Civil aviation","level":3,"score":0.5351589322090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5093590021133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166961238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221395","display_name":"Air traffic control","level":2,"score":0.49762895703315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.46170881390571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4581138491630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.32993417978286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29016953706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24973252415657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10545578598976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130506636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130506636","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/5/6636/pdf?version=1403327580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23686142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23686142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.401.2521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.401.2521","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/5/6636/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52e9a1c3ccac4987b1383bb72fcd16e6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52e9a1c3ccac4987b1383bb72fcd16e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 13, Iss 5, Pp 6636-6650 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2699816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3690073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/13/5/6636/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130506636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 6636-6650","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130506636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130506636","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/5/6636/pdf?version=1403327580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2089205159.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2089205159.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1568122762","https://openalex.org/W1977483186","https://openalex.org/W2011833091","https://openalex.org/W2048605796","https://openalex.org/W2053859658","https://openalex.org/W2083885339","https://openalex.org/W2115714428","https://openalex.org/W2117397690","https://openalex.org/W2126494128","https://openalex.org/W2140242774","https://openalex.org/W2290900883","https://openalex.org/W2600856310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212957699","https://openalex.org/W4213075786","https://openalex.org/W4213178924","https://openalex.org/W4213274421","https://openalex.org/W4213267779","https://openalex.org/W4213057903","https://openalex.org/W4213021151","https://openalex.org/W4205466024","https://openalex.org/W2479339367","https://openalex.org/W2281501693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,162],"current":[1,106,120,213,229],"trend":[2],"of":[3,52,66,92,99,104,118,129,158,211,222,250],"the":[4,11,30,48,64,67,75,89,93,97,102,105,115,119,126,130,138,153,159,167,176,180,186,194,200,202,208,212,219,223,228,233,251],"civil":[5],"aviation":[6,61,214,245],"technology":[7],"is":[8,19,38,56,78,109,148,173,190],"to":[9,28,47,60,151,178,192,243],"modernize":[10],"legacy":[12],"air":[13,32],"traffic":[14,33],"control":[15],"(ATC)":[16],"system":[17,36,43,69,95,108,122,216,231,242,253],"that":[18,37,63],"mainly":[20],"supported":[21],"by":[22,40,80],"many":[23],"ground":[24],"based":[25],"navigation":[26,154,246],"aids":[27],"be":[29,237],"new":[31,224],"management":[34],"(ATM)":[35],"enabled":[39],"global":[41],"positioning":[42],"(GPS)":[44],"technology.":[45],"Due":[46],"low":[49],"receiving":[50],"power":[51],"GPS":[53,76,100,255],"signal,":[54],"it":[55],"a":[57],"major":[58],"concern":[59],"authorities":[62],"operation":[65,91],"ATM":[68,94,131,160,225,252],"might":[70],"experience":[71],"service":[72],"interruption":[73],"when":[74],"signal":[77],"jammed":[79],"either":[81],"intentional":[82],"or":[83],"unintentional":[84],"radio-frequency":[85],"interference.":[86],"To":[87],"maintain":[88],"normal":[90],"during":[96,254],"period":[98],"outage,":[101],"use":[103],"radar":[107,121,164,182,215,230],"proposed":[110,181,203],"in":[111,199],"this":[112],"paper.":[113],"However,":[114],"tracking":[116,136,165,183,209],"performance":[117,128,210,221],"could":[123,206,236],"not":[124],"meet":[125],"required":[127,220],"system,":[132],"and":[133,142,155,185,217,247],"an":[134,240],"enhanced":[135],"algorithm,":[137,166,184],"interacting":[139],"multiple":[140],"model":[141],"probabilistic":[143],"data":[144,189],"association":[145],"filter":[146,171],"(IMMPDAF),":[147],"therefore":[149],"developed":[150],"support":[152],"surveillance":[156,248],"services":[157,249],"system.":[161,226],"conventional":[163],"nearest":[168],"neighbor":[169],"Kalman":[170],"(NNKF),":[172],"used":[174,191,238],"as":[175,239],"baseline":[177],"evaluate":[179],"real":[187],"flight":[188],"validate":[193],"IMMPDAF":[195,204,234],"algorithm.":[196],"As":[197],"shown":[198],"results,":[201],"algorithm":[205,235],"enhance":[207],"meets":[218],"Thus,":[227],"with":[232],"alternative":[241],"continue":[244],"outage":[256],"periods.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}