{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002969532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130404468","title":"Formaldehyde Gas Sensors: A Review","display_name":"Formaldehyde Gas Sensors: A Review","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002969532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130404468","mag":"2002969532","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23549368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130404468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130404468","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/4/4468/pdf?version=1403326158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/4/4468/pdf?version=1403326158","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089435545","display_name":"Po-Ren Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Ren Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109404492","display_name":"Chun-Ta Tzeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Ta Tzeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113645863","display_name":"Ming-Tsun Ke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Tsun Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-conditioning Engineering,  National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan","Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-conditioning Engineering,  National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102842962","display_name":"Chia\u2010Yen Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-782X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Yen Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102842962","https://openalex.org/A5113645863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597","https://openalex.org/I16566446"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":8.8285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":257,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98294122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"4468","last_page":"4484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscale-chemistry","display_name":"Microscale chemistry","score":0.8619426488876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formaldehyde","display_name":"Formaldehyde","score":0.8259274959564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.6357170343399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.5691879391670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amperometry","display_name":"Amperometry","score":0.5283131003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.4930116832256317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4583948850631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoresistive-effect","display_name":"Piezoresistive effect","score":0.4447058439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.37461307644844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3542524576187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25108635425567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22346580028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2097744643688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10370159149169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.0953359603881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179428855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069216","display_name":"Microscale chemistry","level":2,"score":0.8619426488876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775930285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161210","display_name":"Formaldehyde","level":2,"score":0.8259274959564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.6357170343399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.5691879391670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139369640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474536","display_name":"Amperometry","level":4,"score":0.5283131003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4930116832256317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4583948850631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198490522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932915","display_name":"Piezoresistive effect","level":2,"score":0.4447058439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37461307644844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3542524576187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25108635425567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22346580028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2097744643688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10370159149169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0953359603881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130404468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130404468","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/4/4468/pdf?version=1403326158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23549368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23549368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a7dc75bed9244b58b5fab742815e12df","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a7dc75bed9244b58b5fab742815e12df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 13, Iss 4, Pp 4468-4484 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2681374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3673094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/13/4/4468/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130404468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 4468-4484","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s130404468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s130404468","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/4/4468/pdf?version=1403326158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002969532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002969532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965740243","https://openalex.org/W1969246414","https://openalex.org/W1975452900","https://openalex.org/W1978285384","https://openalex.org/W1978359661","https://openalex.org/W1984199199","https://openalex.org/W1988159790","https://openalex.org/W1989950657","https://openalex.org/W1991243557","https://openalex.org/W1993526647","https://openalex.org/W1994114312","https://openalex.org/W1998453123","https://openalex.org/W1998645951","https://openalex.org/W2009579744","https://openalex.org/W2013198656","https://openalex.org/W2017089514","https://openalex.org/W2017501692","https://openalex.org/W2019259038","https://openalex.org/W2021659361","https://openalex.org/W2029988425","https://openalex.org/W2035109332","https://openalex.org/W2037076457","https://openalex.org/W2043691499","https://openalex.org/W2045277287","https://openalex.org/W2048112297","https://openalex.org/W2048200649","https://openalex.org/W2049114911","https://openalex.org/W2050000270","https://openalex.org/W2053608949","https://openalex.org/W2053694081","https://openalex.org/W2056309039","https://openalex.org/W2059953623","https://openalex.org/W2060345340","https://openalex.org/W2062979515","https://openalex.org/W2074651662","https://openalex.org/W2074665647","https://openalex.org/W2083034516","https://openalex.org/W2083523102","https://openalex.org/W2089186911","https://openalex.org/W2095298166","https://openalex.org/W2109360225","https://openalex.org/W2123037076","https://openalex.org/W2135444571","https://openalex.org/W2142176768","https://openalex.org/W2156167948","https://openalex.org/W2166808089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979808816","https://openalex.org/W2378045033","https://openalex.org/W2465699412","https://openalex.org/W2381864073","https://openalex.org/W2092867183","https://openalex.org/W4286285965","https://openalex.org/W1565353949","https://openalex.org/W2344770014","https://openalex.org/W2184236617","https://openalex.org/W2386299817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"methods":[1],"based":[2],"on":[3],"spectrophotometric,":[4],"fluorometric,":[5],"piezoresistive,":[6],"amperometric":[7],"or":[8,124],"conductive":[9],"measurements":[10],"have":[11,64],"been":[12],"proposed":[13],"for":[14,86],"detecting":[15],"the":[16,33,39,49,84,100,110,117,120],"concentration":[17],"of":[18,35,41,51,99,109],"formaldehyde":[19,24,55,101],"in":[20,44,116],"air.":[21],"However,":[22],"conventional":[23],"measurement":[25],"systems":[26],"are":[27],"bulky":[28],"and":[29,31,83,105],"expensive":[30],"require":[32],"services":[34],"highly-trained":[36],"operators.":[37],"Accordingly,":[38],"emergence":[40],"sophisticated":[42],"technologies":[43],"recent":[45],"years":[46,123],"has":[47],"prompted":[48],"development":[50],"many":[52,65],"microscale":[53],"gaseous":[54],"detection":[56],"systems.":[57],"Besides":[58],"their":[59,69],"compact":[60],"size,":[61],"such":[62],"devices":[63],"other":[66],"advantages":[67],"over":[68,119],"macroscale":[70],"counterparts,":[71],"including":[72],"a":[73,76,95],"real-time":[74,113],"response,":[75],"more":[77,111],"straightforward":[78],"operation,":[79],"lower":[80],"power":[81],"consumption,":[82],"potential":[85],"low-cost":[87],"batch":[88],"production.":[89],"This":[90],"paper":[91],"commences":[92],"by":[93],"providing":[94],"high":[96],"level":[97],"overview":[98],"gas":[102],"sensing":[103],"field":[104],"then":[106],"describes":[107],"some":[108],"significant":[112],"sensors":[114],"presented":[115],"literature":[118],"past":[121],"10":[122],"so.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
