{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988461448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s121014179","title":"Intelligent Color Vision System for Ripeness Classification of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch","display_name":"Intelligent Color Vision System for Ripeness Classification of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988461448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s121014179","mag":"1988461448","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23202043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s121014179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s121014179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/10/14179/pdf?version=1403319725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/10/14179/pdf?version=1403319725","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019643810","display_name":"Norasyikin Fadilah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norasyikin Fadilah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044694357","display_name":"Junita Mohamad\u2013Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-6050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junita Mohamad-Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041104231","display_name":"Zaini Abdul Halim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaini Abdul Halim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellent Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellent Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000835810","display_name":"Haidi Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidi Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074581955","display_name":"Syed Salim Syed Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140655","display_name":"Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/04kpqhb39","country_code":"MY","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140655"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Salim Syed Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Felda Agricultural Services Sdn Bhd, Pusat Perkhidmatan Pertanian Tun Razak, Beg Berkunci No. 3, 26400 Bandar Jengka, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Felda Agricultural Services Sdn Bhd, Pusat Perkhidmatan Pertanian Tun Razak, Beg Berkunci No. 3, 26400 Bandar Jengka, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140655"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044694357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.6601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.916554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"14179","last_page":"14195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12703","display_name":"Oil Palm Production and Sustainability","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13361","display_name":"Coconut Research and Applications","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripeness","display_name":"Ripeness","score":0.9939120411872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palm-oil","display_name":"Palm oil","score":0.672770619392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.614403247833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.500115156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.48959261178970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.44944456219673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4241962730884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4110351502895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3783186674118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3450677990913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33022457361221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-science","display_name":"Food science","score":0.17342758178710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.07841885089874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripening","display_name":"Ripening","score":0.06741425395011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06189563870429993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780393073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7335586","display_name":"Ripeness","level":3,"score":0.9939120411872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988237154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231458","display_name":"Palm oil","level":2,"score":0.672770619392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.614403247833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.500115156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.48959261178970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.44944456219673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4241962730884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4110351502895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3783186674118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3450677990913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33022457361221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.17342758178710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07841885089874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172353545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2121926","display_name":"Ripening","level":2,"score":0.06741425395011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06189563870429993}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073878","descriptor_name":"Palm Oil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073878","descriptor_name":"Palm Oil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073878","descriptor_name":"Palm Oil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005511","descriptor_name":"Food Handling","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005511","descriptor_name":"Food Handling","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005511","descriptor_name":"Food Handling","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010938","descriptor_name":"Plant Oils","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010938","descriptor_name":"Plant Oils","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010938","descriptor_name":"Plant Oils","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019649","descriptor_name":"Food Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019649","descriptor_name":"Food Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019649","descriptor_name":"Food Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028023","descriptor_name":"Arecaceae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D028023","descriptor_name":"Arecaceae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D028023","descriptor_name":"Arecaceae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s121014179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s121014179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/10/14179/pdf?version=1403319725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23202043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23202043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:61135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://tesi.cab.unipd.it/61135/1/Granziol_Lisa.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401648","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Sains Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","host_organization_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:29dfa53f48c7465cac34f07730847178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/29dfa53f48c7465cac34f07730847178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 12, Iss 10, Pp 14179-14195 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2551530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3545614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/12/10/14179/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s121014179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 12; Issue 10; Pages: 14179-14195","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s121014179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s121014179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/10/14179/pdf?version=1403319725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W324097592","https://openalex.org/W344537988","https://openalex.org/W353957520","https://openalex.org/W1542688682","https://openalex.org/W1963603157","https://openalex.org/W1981713210","https://openalex.org/W1983350330","https://openalex.org/W2020059192","https://openalex.org/W2035988308","https://openalex.org/W2053505056","https://openalex.org/W2062287096","https://openalex.org/W2071548529","https://openalex.org/W2077458446","https://openalex.org/W2083208972","https://openalex.org/W2083474188","https://openalex.org/W2089040011","https://openalex.org/W2101893854","https://openalex.org/W2118470451","https://openalex.org/W2132657063","https://openalex.org/W2145106362","https://openalex.org/W2198641991","https://openalex.org/W2318500569","https://openalex.org/W2318808352","https://openalex.org/W3099514962","https://openalex.org/W4238445545","https://openalex.org/W6671493559","https://openalex.org/W6699796305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390619974","https://openalex.org/W2395543297","https://openalex.org/W2163911526","https://openalex.org/W2320112513","https://openalex.org/W2012057384","https://openalex.org/W2189509717","https://openalex.org/W3162834845","https://openalex.org/W2729298216","https://openalex.org/W4210897843","https://openalex.org/W2522789803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ripeness":[0],"classification":[1,37,87,138],"of":[2,31,38,43,47,82,88],"oil":[3,24,39,44,89,153,169],"palm":[4,40,45,90,154,170],"fresh":[5],"fruit":[6],"bunches":[7],"(FFBs)":[8],"during":[9,19],"harvesting":[10],"is":[11,143],"important":[12],"to":[13],"ensure":[14],"that":[15,120],"they":[16],"are":[17],"harvested":[18],"optimum":[20],"stage":[21],"for":[22,34,74,85,152],"maximum":[23],"production.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"presents":[28],"the":[29,61,72,83,110,129,137,167],"application":[30],"color":[32,62],"vision":[33],"automated":[35,149],"ripeness":[36,86,150,158,172],"FFB.":[41,155],"Images":[42],"FFBs":[46],"type":[48],"DxP":[49],"Yangambi":[50],"were":[51,64],"collected":[52],"and":[53,69,102,142],"analyzed":[54],"using":[55,94,123,128],"digital":[56],"image":[57],"processing":[58],"techniques.":[59],"Then":[60],"features":[63,101,107,125,134],"extracted":[65],"from":[66],"those":[67],"images":[68],"used":[70],"as":[71,162],"inputs":[73],"Artificial":[75],"Neural":[76],"Network":[77],"(ANN)":[78],"learning.":[79],"The":[80,156],"performance":[81],"ANN":[84,98,104,130],"FFB":[91,171],"was":[92],"investigated":[93],"two":[95],"methods:":[96],"training":[97,103],"with":[99,105,122,132],"full":[100,124],"reduced":[106,133],"based":[108],"on":[109],"Principal":[111],"Component":[112],"Analysis":[113],"(PCA)":[114],"data":[115],"reduction":[116],"technique.":[117],"Results":[118],"showed":[119],"compared":[121],"in":[126,146,165],"ANN,":[127],"trained":[131],"can":[135,160],"improve":[136],"accuracy":[139],"by":[140],"1.66%":[141],"more":[144],"effective":[145],"developing":[147],"an":[148],"classifier":[151,159],"developed":[157],"act":[161],"a":[163],"sensor":[164],"determining":[166],"correct":[168],"category.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}