{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001857134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709046","title":"Analysis of Uncertainty and Repeatability of a Low-Cost 3D Laser Scanner","display_name":"Analysis of Uncertainty and Repeatability of a Low-Cost 3D Laser Scanner","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001857134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709046","mag":"2001857134","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23012532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120709046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/7/9046/pdf?version=1403317798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/7/9046/pdf?version=1403317798","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062001117","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia Polo Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-9998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122566","display_name":"Instituto de Arqueolog\u00eda-M\u00e9rida","ror":"https://ror.org/02xav4q54","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda-Eugenia Polo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Centre of M\u00e9rida, University of Extremadura, 06800 M\u00e9rida, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-9998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Centre of M\u00e9rida, University of Extremadura, 06800 M\u00e9rida, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122566","https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059727977","display_name":"\u00c1ngel M. Felic\u00edsimo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9953-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122566","display_name":"Instituto de Arqueolog\u00eda-M\u00e9rida","ror":"https://ror.org/02xav4q54","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ngel M. Felic\u00edsimo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Centre of M\u00e9rida, University of Extremadura, 06800 M\u00e9rida, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Centre of M\u00e9rida, University of Extremadura, 06800 M\u00e9rida, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122566","https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062001117"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122566","https://openalex.org/I80606768"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":7.7242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9690775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"9046","last_page":"9054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.8826946020126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.8127731680870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.6857532262802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.5847855806350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5693020224571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.555325984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5032369494438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41269218921661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4030858278274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3634427785873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2902141213417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18822038173675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14463147521018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1370566487312317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.8826946020126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.8127731680870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.6857532262802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.5847855806350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5693020224571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.555325984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5032369494438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41269218921661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4030858278274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3634427785873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2902141213417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18822038173675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14463147521018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1370566487312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120709046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/7/9046/pdf?version=1403317798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23012532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23012532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dehesa.unex.es:10662/26892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10662/26892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401011","display_name":"Institutional Repository University of Extremadura (University of Extremadura)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.396.7662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.396.7662","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/7/9046/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dfd447c350ab4fa58ec9ad3889753c13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dfd447c350ab4fa58ec9ad3889753c13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 12, Iss 7, Pp 9046-9054 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2449891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3444090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/12/7/9046/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s120709046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 12; Issue 7; Pages: 9046-9054","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120709046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/7/9046/pdf?version=1403317798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2001857134.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531929932","https://openalex.org/W1901276721","https://openalex.org/W1977412936","https://openalex.org/W2007924209","https://openalex.org/W2015828860","https://openalex.org/W2037061351","https://openalex.org/W2049751642","https://openalex.org/W2053527824","https://openalex.org/W2056634690","https://openalex.org/W2062883956","https://openalex.org/W2078832025","https://openalex.org/W2084215325","https://openalex.org/W2087374636","https://openalex.org/W2189086526","https://openalex.org/W2672046169","https://openalex.org/W2949176005","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6763549378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983775438","https://openalex.org/W897367340","https://openalex.org/W4252521546","https://openalex.org/W2946859545","https://openalex.org/W2183753145","https://openalex.org/W2550620568","https://openalex.org/W1486212407","https://openalex.org/W2056469872","https://openalex.org/W2055985996","https://openalex.org/W2374999813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Portable":[0],"3D":[1,27,55],"laser":[2,28,56],"scanners":[3,29],"are":[4,131,160],"a":[5,79,217,223],"valuable":[6],"tool":[7],"for":[8,222],"compiling":[9],"elaborate":[10],"digital":[11,80],"collections":[12],"of":[13,22,45,50,73,115,144,226],"archaeological":[14],"objects":[15],"and":[16,20,48,69,82,97,123,194],"analysing":[17],"the":[18,46,51,74,88,95,98,104,108,116,135,140,148,155,173,180,227],"shapes":[19],"dimensions":[21,72],"pieces.":[23],"Although":[24],"low-cost":[25,54],"desktop":[26],"have":[30],"powerful":[31],"capacities,":[32],"it":[33,169],"is":[34,111,170,176],"important":[35],"to":[36,220],"know":[37],"their":[38],"limitations.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"performs":[42],"an":[43,60,211],"analysis":[44,143],"uncertainty":[47,106],"repeatability":[49,145,174],"NextEngine\u2122":[52],"portable":[53],"scanner":[57],"by":[58,139],"scanning":[59],"object":[61,75,219],"20":[62],"times":[63],"in":[64,107,154,162,166,191,201],"two":[65],"different":[66],"resolution":[67],"modes-Macro":[68],"Wide.":[70],"Some":[71],"were":[76,85],"measured":[77],"using":[78],"calliper,":[81],"these":[83],"results":[84,130,159],"used":[86],"as":[87,209],"\"true\"":[89],"or":[90,215],"control":[91],"data.":[92],"In":[93],"comparing":[94],"true":[96],"scanned":[99],"data,":[100],"we":[101],"verified":[102],"that":[103,114,147,172],"mean":[105],"Macro":[109,163,192],"Mode":[110,164,193],"approximately":[112],"half":[113],"Wide":[117,167,202],"Mode,":[118],"at":[119],"\u00b1":[120,124,185,188,195,198],"0.81":[121,189],"mm":[122,190,200],"1.66":[125,199],"mm,":[126],"respectively.":[127],"These":[128],"experimental":[129],"significantly":[132],"higher":[133],"than":[134,165,179],"accuracy":[136],"specifications":[137],"provided":[138],"manufacturer.":[141],"An":[142],"shows":[146],"successive":[149],"replicates":[150],"do":[151],"not":[152],"match":[153],"same":[156],"position.":[157],"The":[158],"better":[161],"Mode;":[168],"observed":[171],"factor":[175],"slightly":[177],"larger":[178],"corresponding":[181],"mode":[182],"accuracy,":[183],"with":[184],"0.84":[186],"vs.":[187,197],"1.82":[196],"Mode.":[203],"We":[204],"suggest":[205],"several":[206],"improvements,":[207],"such":[208],"adding":[210],"external":[212],"reference":[213],"scale":[214],"providing":[216],"calibrated":[218],"allow":[221],"self-calibration":[224],"operation":[225],"scanner.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
