{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087029574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120607682","title":"An Accurately Controlled Antagonistic Shape Memory Alloy Actuator with Self-Sensing","display_name":"An Accurately Controlled Antagonistic Shape Memory Alloy Actuator with Self-Sensing","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087029574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120607682","mag":"2087029574","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22969368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120607682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120607682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/6/7682/pdf?version=1403317682","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/6/7682/pdf?version=1403317682","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110170232","display_name":"Tianmiao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian-Miao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109199830","display_name":"Zhen-Yun Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen-Yun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003392018","display_name":"Da Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-6329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Da Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100514620","display_name":"Chen Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113646170","display_name":"Zhen-Hua Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen-Hua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Laboratory, BeiHang University, HaiDian District, 37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003392018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.5738,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90649773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"7682","last_page":"7700"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10865","display_name":"Shape Memory Alloy Transformations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10865","display_name":"Shape Memory Alloy Transformations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11525","display_name":"Piezoelectric Actuators and Control","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8304681777954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-memory-alloy","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","score":0.811991274356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.7335763573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sma*","display_name":"SMA*","score":0.6628111600875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"Miniaturization","score":0.6265603303909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6165118217468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hysteresis","display_name":"Hysteresis","score":0.5791810154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4704510271549225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38024619221687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3018031716346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19322094321250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15648406744003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1521439254283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13296809792518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.10762819647789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.10220393538475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.09875541925430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09206956624984741}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8304681777954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49097943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898455","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","level":2,"score":0.811991274356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.7335763573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161921814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493743","display_name":"SMA*","level":2,"score":0.6628111600875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.6265603303909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6165118217468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123299182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190837","display_name":"Hysteresis","level":2,"score":0.5791810154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4704510271549225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38024619221687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3018031716346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19322094321250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15648406744003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1521439254283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13296809792518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.10762819647789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10220393538475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.09875541925430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09206956624984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120607682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120607682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/6/7682/pdf?version=1403317682","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22969368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22969368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.413.1760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.413.1760","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/6/7682/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:281265ba03944efb9f6ac1c1416b9b92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/281265ba03944efb9f6ac1c1416b9b92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 12, Iss 6, Pp 7682-7700 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2442123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3435997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/12/6/7682/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s120607682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 7682-7700","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120607682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120607682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/6/7682/pdf?version=1403317682","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3835824987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61175104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087029574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087029574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W427804221","https://openalex.org/W657559754","https://openalex.org/W1970948918","https://openalex.org/W1974833509","https://openalex.org/W1984160222","https://openalex.org/W1997533836","https://openalex.org/W2015823010","https://openalex.org/W2017740791","https://openalex.org/W2047370791","https://openalex.org/W2058374111","https://openalex.org/W2060058407","https://openalex.org/W2063720443","https://openalex.org/W2068772113","https://openalex.org/W2082810961","https://openalex.org/W2113107169","https://openalex.org/W2116492747","https://openalex.org/W2118714025","https://openalex.org/W2130366031","https://openalex.org/W2155713140","https://openalex.org/W2161437025","https://openalex.org/W2540590476","https://openalex.org/W2607279171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2240404672","https://openalex.org/W2744612160","https://openalex.org/W2089457653","https://openalex.org/W2368486505","https://openalex.org/W1986752515","https://openalex.org/W4252077727","https://openalex.org/W2626373589","https://openalex.org/W2382235839","https://openalex.org/W2153672924","https://openalex.org/W2163192098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,52,60,67,71,74,90,99,102,106,143,155],"progress":[2],"of":[3,18,42,79,112,154,165,170],"miniaturization,":[4],"shape":[5],"memory":[6],"alloy":[7],"(SMA)":[8],"actuators":[9],"exhibit":[10],"high":[11],"energy":[12],"density,":[13],"self-sensing":[14,32],"ability":[15],"and":[16,49,73,105,130],"ease":[17],"fabrication,":[19],"which":[20],"make":[21],"them":[22],"well":[23],"suited":[24],"for":[25],"practical":[26],"applications.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"presents":[30],"a":[31,46,139],"controlled":[33],"actuator":[34,179],"drive":[35],"that":[36,89],"was":[37],"designed":[38],"using":[39],"antagonistic":[40],"pairs":[41],"SMA":[43],"wires.":[44],"Under":[45],"certain":[47],"pre-strain":[48],"duty":[50,115],"cycle,":[51],"stress":[53],"between":[54,70,101],"two":[55],"wires":[56,81],"becomes":[57],"constant.":[58],"Meanwhile,":[59],"strain":[61],"to":[62,97,114,149,159,174],"resistance":[63,92],"curve":[64],"can":[65,93,146],"minimize":[66],"hysteresis":[68,110],"gap":[69],"heating":[72],"cooling":[75],"paths.":[76],"The":[77,109,133,151],"curves":[78],"both":[80],"are":[82,172],"then":[83],"modeled":[84],"by":[85],"fitting":[86],"polynomials":[87],"such":[88],"measured":[91],"be":[94,147,160,181],"used":[95,120],"directly":[96],"determine":[98],"difference":[100,117],"testing":[103],"values":[104],"target":[107],"strain.":[108],"model":[111],"strains":[113],"cycle":[116],"has":[118],"been":[119],"as":[121],"compensation.":[122],"Accurate":[123],"control":[124,141],"is":[125,157],"demonstrated":[126],"through":[127],"step":[128],"response":[129],"sinusoidal":[131],"tracking.":[132],"experimental":[134],"results":[135],"show":[136,175],"that,":[137],"under":[138],"combination":[140],"program,":[142],"root-mean-square":[144],"error":[145],"reduced":[148],"1.093%.":[150],"limited":[152],"bandwidth":[153],"frequency":[156],"estimated":[158],"0.15":[161],"Hz.":[162],"Two":[163],"sets":[164],"instruments":[166],"with":[167],"three":[168],"degrees":[169],"freedom":[171],"illustrated":[173],"how":[176],"this":[177],"type":[178],"could":[180],"potentially":[182],"implemented.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}